Pith. sign in

REVIEW 10 cited by

A Survey on Multilingual Large Language Models: Corpora, Alignment, and Bias

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2404.00929 v3 pith:7GKSYWDS submitted 2024-04-01 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords mllmsmultilinguallanguagebiaschallengesalignmentcorporadiscuss
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

0 comments
read the original abstract

Based on the foundation of Large Language Models (LLMs), Multilingual LLMs (MLLMs) have been developed to address the challenges faced in multilingual natural language processing, hoping to achieve knowledge transfer from high-resource languages to low-resource languages. However, significant limitations and challenges still exist, such as language imbalance, multilingual alignment, and inherent bias. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of MLLMs, delving deeply into discussions surrounding these critical issues. First of all, we start by presenting an overview of MLLMs, covering their evolutions, key techniques, and multilingual capacities. Secondly, we explore the multilingual training corpora of MLLMs and the multilingual datasets oriented for downstream tasks that are crucial to enhance the cross-lingual capability of MLLMs. Thirdly, we survey the state-of-the-art studies of multilingual representations and investigate whether the current MLLMs can learn a universal language representation. Fourthly, we discuss bias on MLLMs, including its categories, evaluation metrics, and debiasing techniques. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and point out promising research directions of MLLMs.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Do LLMs exhibit the same commonsense capabilities across languages?

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLMs produce more commonsensical sentences in English than in Spanish, Dutch, or Valencian, across automatic, LLM-judge, and human evaluations on the new MULTICOM benchmark.

  2. Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLMs show systematic target-dependent sentiment inconsistency that is politically biased: left and center politicians rated more positively, far-right politicians more negatively, with stronger effects in larger model...

  3. CALM: Unleashing the Cross-Lingual Self-Aligning Ability of Language Model Question Answering

    cs.CL 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    CALM uses multilingual majority voting to build DPO preference pairs from the model's own outputs, improving cross-lingual QA accuracy and consistency without human labels.

  4. Multi-OphthaLingua: A Multilingual Benchmark for Assessing and Debiasing LLM Ophthalmological QA in LMICs

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new seven-language ophthalmology benchmark shows LLMs are less accurate in LMIC languages, and an agentic translation-plus-RAG pipeline reduces the gap.

  5. Make Satire Boring Again: Reducing Stylistic Bias of Satirical Corpus by Utilizing Generative LLMs

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A generative-LLM debiasing pipeline that rewrites satirical Turkish news into plainer language improves cross-lingual and cross-domain satire and irony detection for masked language models, while having limited effect...

  6. Training Bilingual LMs with Data Constraints in the Targeted Language

    cs.CL 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Higher-quality auxiliary English pretraining data improves target-language performance for languages close to English (about 2% on translated QA tasks), but not for distant languages, when target-language data is limi...

  7. Assessing the Role of Data Quality in Training Bilingual Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A quality filter trained only on English labels can select better French, German, and Chinese pretraining data, improving bilingual model performance and cutting the monolingual-bilingual gap to about 1%.

  8. PerPO: Perceptual Preference Optimization via Discriminative Rewarding

    cs.AI 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    PerPO trains multimodal LLMs by ranking their candidate answers with deterministic visual rewards (IoU, edit distance) and using the reward differences as margins in listwise preference optimization.

  9. Assessing Large Language Models in Comprehending and Verifying Concurrent Programs across Memory Models

    cs.SE 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Five LLMs, including GPT-4, handle many simple concurrency checks but cannot reliably verify small programs under TSO and PSO relaxed memory models.

  10. QUST_NLP at SemEval-2025 Task 7: A Three-Stage Retrieval Framework for Monolingual and Crosslingual Fact-Checked Claim Retrieval

    cs.IR 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A three-stage ensemble of retrieval models, rerankers, and weighted voting achieves strong multilingual fact-checked claim retrieval results at SemEval-2025 Task 7.

Pith tools