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Probing the cold nature of dark matter

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arxiv 2504.11973 v1 pith:7NI43NVT submitted 2025-04-16 astro-ph.CO gr-qc

classification astro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords darkmatterenergynon-coldequationstatecomponentinteracting
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

A pressureless dark matter component fits well with several cosmological observations. However, there are indications that cold dark matter may encounter challenges in explaining observations at small scales, particularly at galactic scales. Observational data suggest that dark matter models incorporating a pressure component could provide solutions to these small-scale problems. In this work, we investigate the possibility that present-day dark matter may result from a decaying non-cold dark matter sector transitioning into the dark energy sector. As the sensitivity of astronomical surveys rapidly increases, we explore an interacting scenario between dark energy and non-cold dark matter, where dark energy has a constant equation of state ($w_{\rm de}$), and dark matter, being non-cold, also has a constant (non-zero) equation of state ($w_{\rm dm}$). Considering the phantom and quintessence nature of dark energy, characterized by its equation of state, we separately analyze interacting phantom and interacting quintessence scenarios. We constrain these scenarios using Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements and their combination with external probes, such as DESI-BAO and PantheonPlus. From our analyses, we find that a very mild preference for non-cold dark matter cannot be excluded based on the employed datasets. Additionally, for some datasets, there is a pronounced preference for the presence of an interaction at more than 95\% confidence level (CL). Moreover, when the dark energy equation of state lies in the phantom regime, the $S_8$ tension can be alleviated. This study suggests that cosmological models incorporating a non-cold dark matter component should be considered as viable scenarios with novel phenomenological implications, as reflected in the present work.

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Accelerating scaling solutions from dark matter particle creation

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Accelerating scaling attractors without dark energy appear only when the interaction is controlled by DM density and energy flows from DM to a barotropic fluid.

  2. Model-independent late-universe measurements of $H_0$ and $\Omega_K$ with the parametrization based on cosmic age-improved inverse distance ladder

    astro-ph.CO 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A cosmic-age-based inverse distance ladder with DESI DR2, DESY5, SGL, CC and GRB data gives H0=71.59±0.94 km/s/Mpc and ΩK=0.001±0.038.

  3. Exploring non-cold dark matter in a scenario of dynamical dark energy with DESI DR2 data

    astro-ph.CO 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Using DESI DR2, Planck, and supernova data, a nonzero dark matter equation of state is preferred at 2.8 to 3.3 sigma only when dark energy is assumed to have a constant equation of state.

  4. Neutrino mass constraints in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter black-hole dark energy model with ACT DR6 and DESI DR2 data

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.5 of 10

    SdSDE dark energy yields a ~0.16–0.21 eV positive neutrino-mass preference with DESI+ACT data, but χ² strongly favors extended ΛCDM and the shift is likely compensation.

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    astro-ph.CO 2025-10 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    With DESI DR2 BAO plus CMB and a SH0ES prior, the two-parameter eeΛCDM model gives δΛ=-0.41±0.14 and H0=71.9±1.0, easing the Hubble tension to 0.8σ, but SN datasets erase the signal.

  6. Dark Energy Is Not That Into You: Variable Couplings after DESI DR2 BAO

    astro-ph.CO 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    With DESI DR2 data, one interacting dark sector model with a time-dependent coupling shows a nonzero coupling at more than 95% CL, but Bayesian evidence still favors Lambda-CDM.

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    astro-ph.CO 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A joint fit of DESI DR2, CMB, DESY5 and DESY1 data gives total neutrino mass 0.098 (+0.016, -0.037) eV, a 2.7 sigma preference for positive mass in the w0waCDM model.

  8. Variation in the size of the Photon Sphere and Black Hole Shadow in the Modified Gravity

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