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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 66 of 66 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.01191.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.01191 v1

Coverage vector

measured 66 of 66 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:27.320475Z

measured 66 of 66 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

66 of 66 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 020e6917-99bf-4155-98d6-b0991d309a60 · outbound

This paper cites Akbari, E.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Akbari, E

Reference 1

Resolution
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Observation 3326b932-b23d-40ab-bdd2-aa8e30b6754f · outbound

This paper cites Anandkumar, K.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Anandkumar, K

Reference 2

Resolution
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Observation 49221299-e64a-40ae-9836-e5791a747d70 · outbound

This paper cites Anandkumar, R.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Anandkumar, R

Reference 3

Resolution
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Observation 1ff24b36-a605-4e0d-a2c4-b9cc4023f43a · outbound

This paper cites Bareinboim and J.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Bareinboim and J

Reference 4

Resolution
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Observation ac537752-746c-4441-9bbe-c766d9a0dfac · outbound

This paper cites Barrett-Connor and D.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Barrett-Connor and D

Reference 5

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation c3bff8ab-c6ce-47f2-94fb-c1069893c889 · outbound

This paper cites A Unified Framework for the Transportability of Population-Level Causal Measures.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies A Unified Framework for the Transportability of Population-Level Causal Measures

Reference 6

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation e9259ccc-013d-49fa-811f-01fddefe105e · outbound

This paper cites Buitinck, G.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Buitinck, G

Reference 7

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 99174fa8-6335-47bc-8ed7-17469c69cf5b · outbound

This paper cites Cadei, I.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Cadei, I

Reference 8

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 383c99aa-ce44-430d-9452-ff8568a112b1 · outbound

This paper cites Diagnosing Model Performance Under Distribution Shift.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Diagnosing Model Performance Under Distribution Shift

Reference 9

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation ff5ac3ec-3cd6-4bdd-bc2a-aeb8c3f5f731 · outbound

This paper cites Chobtham and A.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Chobtham and A

Reference 10

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8233c368-44e1-4367-8c5d-0b37085a9993 · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
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Observation 660807a7-33a1-43b7-90e6-cf363c4ad218 · outbound

This paper cites Colnet, I.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Colnet, I

Reference 12

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5305d875-f955-4297-aa37-4ee8fbc56dec · outbound

This paper cites Colombo, M.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Colombo, M

Reference 13

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 91eca925-1404-404f-b7be-f3d15901b2fa · outbound

This paper cites Dagan, N.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Dagan, N

Reference 14

Resolution
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Observation fa9966dc-3715-4daf-95b6-a6db298aaaef · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 75d1057b-5a70-42d9-877d-bb89b7a8409f · outbound

This paper cites Detecting critical treatment effect bias in small subgroups.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Detecting critical treatment effect bias in small subgroups

Reference 16

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation eb3f40e2-0132-483f-9304-a4dba623c07c · outbound

This paper cites De Bartolomeis, J.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies De Bartolomeis, J

Reference 17

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 661a30d8-0c27-4d4a-94ab-b06f44fb629a · outbound

This paper cites Demirel, A.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Demirel, A

Reference 18

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b77fd6df-47a2-4559-abbc-559f017f22f6 · outbound

This paper cites Demirel, E.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Demirel, E

Reference 19

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2d512e6d-6825-4f46-91a2-4a953ee29580 · outbound

This paper cites The Hardness of Validating Observational Studies with Experimental Data.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies The Hardness of Validating Observational Studies with Experimental Data

Reference 20

Resolution
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Observation a0d8df99-4cac-4a3c-957b-3f1f75123d24 · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

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Observation 43136a44-2306-4ad4-a63e-dd082cd30f53 · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation fe99e69b-702a-47da-a57b-380543eabb7c · outbound

This paper cites Glymour, K.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Glymour, K

Reference 23

Resolution
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Observation 7ad05e21-6947-4c79-8744-3340ab92f2f1 · outbound

This paper cites Optimizing the use of real world evidence to inform regulatory decision- making, 2019.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Optimizing the use of real world evidence to inform regulatory decision- making, 2019

Reference 24

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a45e84df-7775-4ea7-ba94-1b118d4add59 · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2a368bc9-f27d-4d86-a677-42d19cabdaa0 · outbound

This paper cites Hartman, R.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Hartman, R

Reference 26

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 9db8b960-511f-4938-a8e7-447a51e9cd55 · outbound

This paper cites Combining Observational and Randomized Data for Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Combining Observational and Randomized Data for Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

Reference 27

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 1c79e3fb-30f2-47a8-a2b1-ee20dfd9e6f0 · outbound

This paper cites Heinze-Deml, M.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Heinze-Deml, M

Reference 28

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Observation 5fb3d4ea-3071-44c4-ab6a-377c798c73f8 · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

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Observation ad8acae8-0d92-4cd1-ad69-d63e2ac193b0 · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation b62352bf-f2da-4219-9b20-235e4e46241b · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation b65ad18c-cf07-4c51-bbdd-e90a9d44c3bf · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 58e98ff9-8616-47e4-8e63-e89474c9d854 · outbound

This paper cites Hussain, M.-C.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Hussain, M.-C

Reference 34

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 4b66cbe3-39ac-4ff2-a671-26ee9a2502ff · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation bed437fe-8c6b-4e0d-a299-0a9e51489c84 · outbound

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Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 8a67288e-1d7d-4089-8393-9ea2d6f78c25 · outbound

This paper cites Diagnosing the role of observable distribution shift in scientific replications.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Diagnosing the role of observable distribution shift in scientific replications

Reference 37

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 57852ddb-385d-451b-b704-a9c597ce221b · outbound

This paper cites Kallus, A.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Kallus, A

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:32.743151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:24.913138Z digest=sha256:b5cb4aa8c58d0a1b261f64cbd01aa0ef25858fbaeb8e20df40cae3b485d7645f

Observation 933c3ab1-2e27-40be-839d-7a2d5868733a · outbound

This paper cites Karlsson and J.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Karlsson and J

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:32.562820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:24.989949Z digest=sha256:3e3fd21096f9ae5708012c238fa50c7b6c48ccfb2af061a08dfd0a19591c4241

Observation a8785a68-358d-4147-bc13-cf3884d4f749 · outbound

This paper cites Falsification of Unconfoundedness by Testing Independence of Causal Mechanisms.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Falsification of Unconfoundedness by Testing Independence of Causal Mechanisms

Reference 40

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:27.522478Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.063613Z digest=sha256:4cebb012a3ff13a55764530c15a2e648c0355c4420c8027e6762e17eb4758db3

Observation 2cd1c3e8-3a6e-4283-9fd8-4e6c60bbcf00 · outbound

This paper cites Kaul and G.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Kaul and G

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:32.398636Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.156188Z digest=sha256:605b9a30de6c4e335fb7ac94fd876dd74a0b5b9bcdc4fdf1da21c978d3fe4c08

Observation 944e4198-173c-428c-9c49-aefbdb15eef8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:32.156870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.264336Z digest=sha256:8ff213c92134d533f07c21a68510c47f23833de47d3c9f3127b689985cec0862

Observation c151a668-8f31-44ca-9cc3-b78482fb5aa4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:31.904700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.340127Z digest=sha256:bfc6a30c0a023439d53cc9f45e9a5cdf2d19d19e1875e8b506ec5b6d8d5b412d

Observation eea5aa8e-a51c-4dbd-88a3-70dbbec16374 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:31.702069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.415817Z digest=sha256:0780e1ba1c841f38b2d87f76abd2dd40ef85a375c4cebd797499d000dfa3a9c2

Observation cae46601-cef5-4db6-8b06-ac128f5f9119 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:31.486908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.508347Z digest=sha256:c553b638d2ef96034b8ac8a8a979d6352f9902a83cdc6f653af1032d2d37b3fe

Observation 1b4960d0-453a-4670-aded-2aeb0b19e142 · outbound

This paper cites Nice real-world evidence framework, 2022.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Nice real-world evidence framework, 2022

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:31.316489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.598078Z digest=sha256:e92e654e99cb465c3519ae55b707b5a297b8ea73067f07898508a6afd3e910c5

Observation ae12492d-5175-44b0-8d31-00b608ffda95 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding the Risks and Rewards of Combining Unbiased and Possibly Biased Estimators, with Applications to Causal Inference.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Understanding the Risks and Rewards of Combining Unbiased and Possibly Biased Estimators, with Applications to Causal Inference

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:25.685002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.685002Z digest=sha256:be8d14d3565dccf2f55c678e02a3f992ac9d95791a8b52d02b4461ee6926a6f5

Observation 38257d55-f6b8-455e-95db-23b8ed2d7f64 · outbound

This paper cites Pearl and D.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Pearl and D

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:31.109082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.776488Z digest=sha256:831ae021396508246c41c6d9430f4bbfa640d212154ed3c37579fe08168d20c5

Observation 73bd0d07-3c55-4e76-bc8a-504a256fabbd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:30.903309Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.868779Z digest=sha256:d4f4cc463cf70f7451dbecf73339d96bf537152ab5626755689f069066d47cbc

Observation 29697a76-1980-478e-a20d-5433643b3179 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:30.691848Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:25.935885Z digest=sha256:1b836a710897f85b8fbf057d1e28f31304118562a591c58716e4401725d77a0d

Observation 186bad1a-d0a9-4bcf-ae98-fe85fa1c595d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:30.466901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.013814Z digest=sha256:eb731d5c4a0fb08fbef6bd47c762d395d49ae66f4972d6dbd6de6d611f00803b

Observation 4fd9271f-fe6d-4ce9-bbc4-929c27accd52 · outbound

This paper cites Ruffini, M.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Ruffini, M

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:30.263938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.082045Z digest=sha256:4da26ae24294d78cc70a16f87f597ad6bc4aeb9528387b8b9840add5ed718dc2

Observation 134f4649-3e6d-4973-a76c-f75f092e5d0b · outbound

This paper cites Sadeghi and T.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Sadeghi and T

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:30.089207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.166062Z digest=sha256:d7ee9f6c39e50f1762e231729248630b34f975f6c56d475ac7f2d602618822bb

Observation 972a32bd-26f8-4b4b-8eab-0f6ac632eaad · outbound

This paper cites Schuler, D.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Schuler, D

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:29.927355Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.250159Z digest=sha256:3e6dbd056d0fc873a2279a569b1722ca689229c40a342a2187f2a9a29f202c1e

Observation 13ff893a-7dc8-48be-ae1b-4767c4e2e741 · outbound

This paper cites Shanmugam, M.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Shanmugam, M

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:29.768686Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.345288Z digest=sha256:02482e6728f5c2c503113fcc6041bd0020178a7b4cb8d479c12626d793c6f70b

Observation 0a9caea3-8041-4958-9924-1f34250714e5 · outbound

This paper cites Shimizu, P.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Shimizu, P

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:29.637662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.431787Z digest=sha256:f72246fac023e4789147d071dcc6c9ec0a386118716dbda230384c7bbbff0da2

Observation 18a1a068-e058-46a6-9fb4-3fa0cec3cd7e · outbound

This paper cites Squires and C.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Squires and C

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:29.482951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.528796Z digest=sha256:5fbc3ca404fd3916e92cf5d3960f0fc6e57ac7cfd521636e9d09dffb192dd27e

Observation cc689011-a687-49d2-8246-60c9179ee6b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:29.343044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.591838Z digest=sha256:6a94ba8775c717f54d3d6dd2787fbea5e0bd141ecde2cf020b98f57031f216df

Observation 7449ad32-69e8-46f7-be1b-67480365267a · outbound

This paper cites Design of the women’s health initiative clinical trial and observational study.Controlled clinical trials, 19(1):61–109, 1998.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Design of the women’s health initiative clinical trial and observational study.Controlled clinical trials, 19(1):61–109, 1998

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:29.187935Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.684382Z digest=sha256:b5dede4ac98db28616bac1f8aeabab629f74f00a21c1e314662c0a48fe6afc47

Observation af3cc30d-48b1-4f4c-8cb2-7b134156e165 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:29.045160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.810885Z digest=sha256:0586410f3a8afe8800103a01ed41fe33ed4af7eee602f9fd36a1524f3dcf6c93

Observation fcca7ead-d145-424f-8b08-5dbc0ae0f644 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:28.923170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:26.903961Z digest=sha256:4e69282d7fa63405b6f890f3eb5596619806af1c829faf1f20ae53750343938c

Observation a028c5a7-0c15-44ed-8ad4-70998cef2b10 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:28.778647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:27.001951Z digest=sha256:8eccbdc3df4ad7b7a0ea9ac13c67f0f3bec87a0dd19c28a12c9fade98aa2e55f

Observation 384cc5ae-c88d-457f-a7a3-d4dbd84d7dd4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:28.655953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:27.097479Z digest=sha256:32fd08bf816e2a4894cf98c69fb741320e4877ce514093d21ebff1e9a2abba6e

Observation 88881cbb-c7ad-4650-97d4-e8c0554a68be · outbound

This paper cites We have, b1(X) = (p Y u=1 −p Y u=0)(pA u=1 −p A u=0)/2(pA u=1 +p A u=0).(13).

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies We have, b1(X) = (p Y u=1 −p Y u=0)(pA u=1 −p A u=0)/2(pA u=1 +p A u=0).(13)

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:28.481482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:27.183647Z digest=sha256:6ff3fe95a5e70672defbac12a4c7a9239a1e5d50f2f9802e285a4f0525f05525

Observation b24311bd-4548-4d41-8282-deb13d6043df · outbound

This paper cites 1 n nX i=1 |bb1(Xi)| ·(Yi −bηY (Xi))2 # | {z } (1) − EX,Y.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies 1 n nX i=1 |bb1(Xi)| ·(Yi −bηY (Xi))2 # | {z } (1) − EX,Y

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:28.321672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:27.257731Z digest=sha256:f59bfb3f779ef4c0a8fe67d75acbf0b60bfb23842b40601c5c6eeae063512be3

Observation 86a53909-f122-4253-ab4e-eb983f7ec542 · outbound

This paper cites sequences.

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies sequences

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:56:28.153737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:56:27.320475Z digest=sha256:5b4c87be26c29fdaee49211af68f3057b409890993ddd7d77ff71113f1786132

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.