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Carroll symmetry, dark energy and inflation
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abstract
Carroll symmetry arises from Poincar\'e symmetry upon taking the limit of vanishing speed of light. We determine the constraints on the energy-momentum tensor implied by Carroll symmetry and show that for energy-momentum tensors of perfect fluid form, these imply an equation of state ${\cal E}+P=0$ for energy density plus pressure. Therefore Carroll symmetry might be relevant for dark energy and inflation. In the Carroll limit, the Hubble radius goes to zero and outside it recessional velocities are naturally large compared to the speed of light. The de Sitter group of isometries, after the limit, becomes the conformal group in Euclidean flat space. We also study the Carroll limit of chaotic inflation, and show that the scalar field is naturally driven to have an equation of state with $w=-1$. Finally we show that the freeze-out of scalar perturbations in the two point function at horizon crossing is a consequence of Carroll symmetry. To make the paper self-contained, we include a brief pedagogical review of Carroll symmetry, Carroll particles and Carroll field theories that contains some new material as well. In particular we show, using an expansion around speed of light going to zero, that for scalar and Maxwell type theories one can take two different Carroll limits at the level of the action. In the Maxwell case these correspond to the electric and magnetic limit. For point particles we show that there are two types of Carroll particles: those that cannot move in space and particles that cannot stand still.
Forward citations
Cited by 16 Pith papers
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The Energy-Momentum-News Complex near Future Null Infinity
A Carroll-covariant energy-momentum-news complex at future null infinity yields Ward identities that generalise the Bondi loss equations, with an anomalous Carroll boost.
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From Galilei to Euclidean Carroll and the Alice Particle: The Times They Are a-Changin'
Making time transversal turns p-brane Galilei limits into Euclidean p-brane Carroll limits, yielding for p=0 a centrally extended Alice algebra and Alice particle obtained from critical tachyon limits or two-time null...
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Interacting Galilean and Finite-Energy Carroll Fermions
A c-dependent similarity transformation generates new Galilean and Carrollian fermion actions, including a Carrollian model with non-removable finite energy and a Galilean model with an accidental fermionic gauge symmetry.
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Stationary solutions in the small-$c$ expansion of GR
The NLO/NNLO small-c (Carroll) expansion of GR admits a rich stationary vacuum sector with rotating Lense-Thirring-type, C-metric-type, Hartle-Thorne-type, and higher-multipole solutions, going beyond the static magne...
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On $\sqrt{T\overline{T}}$ deformed pathways: CFT to CCFT
The marginal √(T T-bar) deformation of 2D massless scalars provides a dynamical map from relativistic CFT to Carrollian CCFT symmetries, recovering the electric Carroll theory and a novel magnetic counterpart in the e...
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Scaling Symmetry and Carrollian Gravity
A single scaling-Carroll gauge-theory construction interpolates between dynamical Carroll gravity, Aristotelian gravity, and fracton gauge theories coupled to curved space.
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Soft gravitons in three dimensions
Three-dimensional flat-space gravity, despite having no propagating gravitons, exhibits an infrared triangle: a soft graviton theorem, BMS3 asymptotic symmetries, and gravitational memory effects, all equivalent throu...
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Carroll fermions of arbitrary spin
Free massless fermions of arbitrary spin admit two inequivalent Carrollian (c→0) limits, electric and magnetic, derived from the Fang–Fronsdal actions, with the magnetic theory reducible to the projected relativistic ...
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A unified expansion of Einstein's gravity
A unified (s,n)-parametrized expansion of the Einstein-Hilbert action yields Galilean, Carroll, Lorentzian, and string Carroll gravity, and near-horizon black hole geometries satisfy the string Carroll equations.
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BMS$_3$ invariant field theories
New BMS3-invariant 2D scalar theories (electric, magnetic, canonical, coupled) with boundary analysis, flux laws, monodromy matching to 3D gravity, and complementary AdS3/dS3 flat limits.
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Higher-Order Newton-Cartan Gravity
The authors derive non-relativistic Newton-Cartan limits of quadratic gravity theories, obtaining higher-order corrected Poisson equations for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet and Ricci-squared gravity.
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Anisotropic conformal Carroll field theories and their gravity duals
Plane wave spacetimes in three and four dimensions realize anisotropic conformal Carroll algebras as their (asymptotic) symmetry algebras, providing candidate holographic duals for z-anisotropic Carrollian CFTs.
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Emergent Carroll symmetry at phase separation in one-dimensional lattice systems
Phase separation in one-dimensional Luttinger liquids is claimed to be governed by an emergent Carroll conformal field theory, with the density structure factor exponent jumping from 1 to 2.
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Quantization of Carrollian fermions
A first interacting 4D Carrollian Yukawa theory is constructed, showing ultralocal fermion-scalar interactions and one-loop beta functions with mostly Gaussian fixed points.
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A time-like window into tensionless worldsheets
Kasner worldsheets near their null horizons reproduce the tensionless, Carrollian string physics previously found for Rindler worldsheets, with a Bogoliubov-map identification that depends on an arbitrary regularizati...
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Lectures on Carrollian Holography
Massless scattering amplitudes, including gravitons, can be recast as correlators of a carrollian conformal field theory on null infinity, but the non-perturbative bootstrap program remains incomplete.
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