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Carroll symmetry, dark energy and inflation

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arxiv 2110.02319 v1 pith:A36G2AUW submitted 2021-10-05 hep-th gr-qc

classification hep-thgr-qc
keywords carrollsymmetrylimitparticlesenergyinflationlightscalar
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abstract

Carroll symmetry arises from Poincar\'e symmetry upon taking the limit of vanishing speed of light. We determine the constraints on the energy-momentum tensor implied by Carroll symmetry and show that for energy-momentum tensors of perfect fluid form, these imply an equation of state ${\cal E}+P=0$ for energy density plus pressure. Therefore Carroll symmetry might be relevant for dark energy and inflation. In the Carroll limit, the Hubble radius goes to zero and outside it recessional velocities are naturally large compared to the speed of light. The de Sitter group of isometries, after the limit, becomes the conformal group in Euclidean flat space. We also study the Carroll limit of chaotic inflation, and show that the scalar field is naturally driven to have an equation of state with $w=-1$. Finally we show that the freeze-out of scalar perturbations in the two point function at horizon crossing is a consequence of Carroll symmetry. To make the paper self-contained, we include a brief pedagogical review of Carroll symmetry, Carroll particles and Carroll field theories that contains some new material as well. In particular we show, using an expansion around speed of light going to zero, that for scalar and Maxwell type theories one can take two different Carroll limits at the level of the action. In the Maxwell case these correspond to the electric and magnetic limit. For point particles we show that there are two types of Carroll particles: those that cannot move in space and particles that cannot stand still.

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Forward citations

Cited by 16 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. The Energy-Momentum-News Complex near Future Null Infinity

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    A Carroll-covariant energy-momentum-news complex at future null infinity yields Ward identities that generalise the Bondi loss equations, with an anomalous Carroll boost.

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    hep-th 2026-07 accept novelty 7.5 of 10

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  3. Interacting Galilean and Finite-Energy Carroll Fermions

    hep-th 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

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  4. Stationary solutions in the small-$c$ expansion of GR

    gr-qc 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    The NLO/NNLO small-c (Carroll) expansion of GR admits a rich stationary vacuum sector with rotating Lense-Thirring-type, C-metric-type, Hartle-Thorne-type, and higher-multipole solutions, going beyond the static magne...

  5. On $\sqrt{T\overline{T}}$ deformed pathways: CFT to CCFT

    hep-th 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    The marginal √(T T-bar) deformation of 2D massless scalars provides a dynamical map from relativistic CFT to Carrollian CCFT symmetries, recovering the electric Carroll theory and a novel magnetic counterpart in the e...

  6. Scaling Symmetry and Carrollian Gravity

    hep-th 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

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    hep-th 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Free massless fermions of arbitrary spin admit two inequivalent Carrollian (c→0) limits, electric and magnetic, derived from the Fang–Fronsdal actions, with the magnetic theory reducible to the projected relativistic ...

  9. A unified expansion of Einstein's gravity

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A unified (s,n)-parametrized expansion of the Einstein-Hilbert action yields Galilean, Carroll, Lorentzian, and string Carroll gravity, and near-horizon black hole geometries satisfy the string Carroll equations.

  10. BMS$_3$ invariant field theories

    hep-th 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    New BMS3-invariant 2D scalar theories (electric, magnetic, canonical, coupled) with boundary analysis, flux laws, monodromy matching to 3D gravity, and complementary AdS3/dS3 flat limits.

  11. Higher-Order Newton-Cartan Gravity

    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The authors derive non-relativistic Newton-Cartan limits of quadratic gravity theories, obtaining higher-order corrected Poisson equations for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet and Ricci-squared gravity.

  12. Anisotropic conformal Carroll field theories and their gravity duals

    hep-th 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Plane wave spacetimes in three and four dimensions realize anisotropic conformal Carroll algebras as their (asymptotic) symmetry algebras, providing candidate holographic duals for z-anisotropic Carrollian CFTs.

  13. Emergent Carroll symmetry at phase separation in one-dimensional lattice systems

    hep-th 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Phase separation in one-dimensional Luttinger liquids is claimed to be governed by an emergent Carroll conformal field theory, with the density structure factor exponent jumping from 1 to 2.

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    hep-th 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

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  15. A time-like window into tensionless worldsheets

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