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Tensor-network study of the roughening transition in a (2 + 1)D $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory with matter

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arxiv 2503.19027 v2 pith:AGSZF4IR submitted 2025-03-24 cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mechhep-latquant-ph

classification cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.stat-mechhep-latquant-ph
keywords confinedcouplinggauge-matterrougheningstringtransitionexcitationsfinite
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Within the confined phase of (2+1)D lattice gauge theories a roughening transition arises between a weakly confined regime with floppy string excitations and a strongly confined regime with stiff string excitations. In this work, we use an infinite Density Matrix Renormalization Group (iDMRG) algorithm to quantitatively characterize the properties of confined strings. To this end, we stabilize the state with a string excitation by 't Hooft loop operators. While for zero gauge-matter coupling we can use bare 't Hooft loop operators to do so, for finite gauge-matter coupling we have to transform them to emergent ones, which we achieve with an adiabatic protocol. By analyzing the scaling of both a novel order parameter and the entanglement entropy, our approach allows us to accurately determine the roughening transition, even at finite gauge-matter coupling.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Ground state preparation in $(2+1)$-dimensional pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory via deterministic quantum imaginary time evolution

    hep-lat 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Deterministic QITE with a Gauss-law-reduced Pauli pool reproduces DMRG ground-state energies of (2+1)-D pure Z2 lattice gauge theory to within 0.1% for ladders of up to 32 qubits and coupling λ ∈ [0.5, 5].

  2. String Breaking Dynamics and Glueball Formation in a $2+1$D Lattice Gauge Theory

    hep-lat 2025-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a 2+1D Z2 lattice gauge theory, string breaking happens only at specific resonances set by field strength and matter mass, while long strings can dynamically form closed electric loops analogous to glueballs.

  3. Roughening and dynamics of an electric flux string in a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory

    hep-lat 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Numerical MPS simulations confirm static roughening signatures in a 2+1D Z2 gauge theory and show that after a local quench the entanglement entropy grows linearly in the roughening region, consistent with a massless ...

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