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arxiv: 2505.15670 · v4 · pith:AOFTEVK7new · submitted 2025-05-21 · 💻 cs.CL · cs.SD· eess.AS

SALM-Duplex: Efficient and Direct Duplex Modeling for Speech-to-Speech Language Model

classification 💻 cs.CL cs.SDeess.AS
keywords duplexmodelspeechuseragentmodelsbarge-incodec
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Spoken dialogue is an intuitive form of human-computer interaction, yet current speech language models often remain constrained to turn-based exchanges, lacking real-time adaptability such as user barge-in. We propose a novel duplex speech to speech (S2S) architecture featuring continuous user inputs and codec agent outputs with channel fusion that directly models simultaneous user and agent streams. Using a pretrained streaming encoder for user input enables the first duplex S2S model without requiring speech pretrain. Separate architectures for agent and user modeling facilitate codec fine-tuning for better agent voices and halve the bitrate (0.6 kbps) compared to previous works. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms previous duplex models in reasoning, turn-taking, and barge-in abilities. The model requires significantly less speech data, as speech pretrain is skipped, which markedly simplifies the process of building a duplex S2S model from any LLMs. Finally, it is the first openly available duplex S2S model with training and inference code to foster reproducibility.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

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  7. The Silent Thought: Modeling Internal Cognition in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue Models via Latent Reasoning

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    FLAIR enables simultaneous latent reasoning during speech input in full-duplex dialogue models via recursive latent embeddings and an ELBO-based training objective without added latency.