Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.07138.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.07138 v1

Coverage vector

measured 49 of 49 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.957029Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

49 of 49 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy1
unresolved46
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 85109b7e-b75c-48b8-86af-c0ffcafd75b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.551998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f877a3b5-e74c-4a42-ae81-fedc8f34b293 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.884482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 56d4ded1-5fcb-4c72-a63c-d0a94ebb1992 · outbound

This paper cites OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Models.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Models

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.568136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c3afa1f1-a48a-46d0-a592-bf4dde694a99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.868561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 55db15f7-582a-455b-bb6a-845bc7897ba6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.578371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 123c028b-b301-4130-8b33-4d3c033d0a11 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.842966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e303fed2-763a-4ba9-93bc-5049baaaaa9c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.826594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 65d35e3a-6efb-46e0-ab66-c95a1b169c70 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.811265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9f7517d0-6759-445c-89a4-e8c3605badb0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.796009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7a748ef9-4421-4994-8fd3-fe5660a78f55 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.780842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4c94d001-636e-478e-bf0c-b839bfbfae5e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.766471Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e8019a53-9fe2-4b69-b34c-3a1445fa719e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.750318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6795801-d1e1-4a85-9160-e32be87e5368 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.742710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 34897c64-da11-4c2d-b803-ff875df3de98 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.726439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9e24a7bf-6ee8-4dd7-a237-b677d2403680 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.801532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 913c29fb-8b41-45e9-a2b1-7575e6f72fd9 · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.806554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ea16036-65fd-419d-8505-af763fc1d2d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.811364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cda2cce9-24c1-430b-ba1e-32bb0214a1fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.691689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 001f89de-9f57-4112-bb2d-04735d61e784 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.676814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 88ce3ce4-91ec-471d-82d8-7f9fe995c04b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.661772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1832bbf7-b811-4a47-a6dc-281a70ee6dba · outbound

This paper cites Decoding the Underlying Meaning of Multimodal Hateful Memes.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Decoding the Underlying Meaning of Multimodal Hateful Memes

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.835739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97822297-1269-49a8-9b7c-3d0493aae1c4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.840786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b7a6cb1d-b927-4521-b56a-e22203e74c63 · outbound

This paper cites Visual Program Distillation: Distilling Tools and Programmatic Reasoning into Vision-Language Models.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Visual Program Distillation: Distilling Tools and Programmatic Reasoning into Vision-Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.845652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3519af7b-a9f0-44b7-98c1-507786aa7f07 · outbound

This paper cites Evolver: Chain-of-Evolution Prompting to Boost Large Multimodal Models for Hateful Meme Detection.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Evolver: Chain-of-Evolution Prompting to Boost Large Multimodal Models for Hateful Meme Detection

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.365281Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4ff5070d-f043-4e45-b7f8-756edf507bb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.636431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 96507c6d-3b0b-4247-be87-f9f09da298b9 · outbound

This paper cites Hate-CLIPper: Multimodal Hateful Meme Classification based on Cross-modal Interaction of CLIP Features.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Hate-CLIPper: Multimodal Hateful Meme Classification based on Cross-modal Interaction of CLIP Features

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.860094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 35a75c43-db51-430b-b713-dbad731dc6b2 · outbound

This paper cites BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.865032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 55d57eb5-8542-4dbc-a811-d73e8f9e686c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.869623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5efa369-25fe-475f-b0d8-a7bb13d49064 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.874236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17d60e01-393c-47ca-8d24-ddd627a577da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.602445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a8eceed1-bde2-4e6c-a5c0-a1c5acb5a94d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.586977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 742a4f20-388f-4b5b-ae1f-083db6da44d6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.571228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 74a78f99-2a28-4239-b16e-5de1d36b3897 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.900660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8dac09a-16ca-47a5-a689-024f7ae9486a · outbound

This paper cites DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.910414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f18dcbb1-d50d-4e60-aa49-9a8b1ef45865 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting Harmful Memes and Their Targets.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Detecting Harmful Memes and Their Targets

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.915248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46ad1bb7-01c5-4c9a-84af-47640819ce23 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Hateful Meme Detection through Retrieval-Guided Contrastive Learning.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Improving Hateful Meme Detection through Retrieval-Guided Contrastive Learning

Reference 36

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.312083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1c06773e-6a99-44ac-b37f-d0abbc8da2fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.536737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 857c77f8-4e9a-45f5-80d8-f9ac9a587f70 · outbound

This paper cites Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.929291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a494098f-7e9d-435b-923a-f9fad10559ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.520952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation b9eb9150-54b9-40f2-ab9d-bcbf7315aa23 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.505240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a3386ba7-c049-4eb0-a56a-b4c7e400b91f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.919925Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c53ecdb6-8c9a-40e1-b8c3-98d1c44c8f54 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.948156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b7d05b8-8778-44af-904c-ab68a6acf8e5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.952642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 985f46f7-8917-4986-9803-f532e280d000 · outbound

This paper cites the the the the the the the the the the.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content the the the the the the the the the the

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:03.470410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 28d7c9e1-184c-4929-828a-8ca377c0b5fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.943466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6498cd9c-a8e4-4923-b78f-b6e6978744e6 · outbound

This paper cites Hate Speech Dataset from a White Supremacy Forum.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Hate Speech Dataset from a White Supremacy Forum

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.796547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c431b876-7094-409d-b354-247574bd9af5 · outbound

This paper cites ETHOS: an Online Hate Speech Detection Dataset.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content ETHOS: an Online Hate Speech Detection Dataset

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.905516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34f60b51-ab11-4302-a4cf-2979cd6369c0 · outbound

This paper cites Advances in neural information processing systems 35 (2022), 23716–23736.

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content Advances in neural information processing systems 35 (2022), 23716–23736

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.557611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f88d2004-96f0-4d37-b8fa-67ac600ccedd · outbound

This paper cites InICASSP 2023-2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

Towards a Robust Framework for Multimodal Hate Detection: A Study on Video vs. Image-based Content InICASSP 2023-2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:44:02.815961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.