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Thermal Dark Matter with Low-Temperature Reheating
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abstract
We explore the production of thermal dark matter (DM) candidates (WIMPs, SIMPs, ELDERs and Cannibals) during cosmic reheating. Assuming a general parametrization for the scaling of the inflaton energy density and the standard model (SM) temperature, we study the requirements for kinetic and chemical DM freeze-out in a model-independent way. For each of the mechanisms, up to two solutions that fit the entire observed DM relic density exist, for a given reheating scenario and DM mass. As an example, we assume a simple particle physics model in which DM interacts with itself and with SM through contact interactions. We find that low-temperature reheating can accommodate a wider range of couplings and larger masses than those permitted in the usual instantaneous high-temperature reheating. This results in DM solutions for WIMPs reaching masses as high as $10^{14}$~GeV, whereas for SIMPs and ELDERs, we can reach masses of $10^{13}$~GeV. Interestingly, current experimental data already constrain the enlarged parameter space of these models with low-reheating temperatures. Next-generation experiments could further probe these scenarios.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Freezing-in Cannibals with Low-reheating Temperature
Non-instantaneous (low-temperature) reheating combined with 3-to-2 cannibal self-interactions reshapes the freeze-in dark matter parameter space and opens new light-DM regions for future colliders.
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micrOMEGAs 7: Beyond standard cosmology
The micrOMEGAs dark-matter package now solves Boltzmann equations with user-defined expansion and entropy histories, adds sub-GeV hadronic annihilation, and updates CMB, dwarf-galaxy, LZ, and CMS constraints.
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Primordial Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions during Reheating
Phase transitions happening during reheating can produce gravitational-wave signals that are delayed, prolonged, and shifted in amplitude and frequency by orders of magnitude compared with standard cosmology.
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Beyond the Veil: Charting WIMP Territories at the Neutrino Floor
Freeze-in, early matter domination, and fast-expanding cosmologies keep many WIMP models within reach of next-generation direct detection experiments at the neutrino floor.
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