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Bell inequality is violated in $B^0\to J/\psi \, K^{\star}(892)^0$ decays

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arxiv 2305.04982 v2 pith:C7LSGXGA submitted 2023-05-08 hep-ph hep-exquant-ph

classification hep-phhep-exquant-ph
keywords bellinequalitysigmaentanglementmesonsquantumsignificanceviolated
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The violation of the Bell inequality is one of the hallmarks of quantum mechanics and can be used to rule out local deterministic alternative descriptions. We utilize the data analysis published by the LHCb collaboration on the helicity amplitudes for the decay $B^0\to J/\psi \,K^*(892)^0$ to compute the entanglement among the polarizations of the final vector mesons and the violation of the Bell inequality that it entails. We find that quantum entanglement can be detected with a significance well above 5$\sigma$ (nominally 84$\sigma$) and Bell inequality is violated with a significance well above 5$\sigma$ (nominally 36$\sigma$) -- thereby firmly establishing these distinguishing feature of quantum mechanics at high energies in a collider setting and in the presence of strong and weak interactions. Entanglement is also present and the Bell inequality is violated in other decays of the $B$ mesons into vector mesons, but with lesser significance.

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