Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has shown promise in providing apparent benefits in wireless communication and positioning. Most of the existing research focuses on the ability of RIS to adjust the direction of propagation. In this paper, we present another application based on RIS, named multipath labeling, which intends to inject a label on propagation paths through the RISs. Each labeled path contains spatial knowledge between the RIS and the receiver, thus opening the door for sensing the surrounding world by RISs. The critical challenge is how the labeled paths can be extracted and distinguish from other paths, especially with multipath effects. To address this challenge, we present a complete labeling procedure consisting of channel flipping, parameter extraction, and RIS association. Simulations under a practice ray-tracing model reveal the feasibility of the proposed labeling technique even under the sub 6GHz channels with severe multipath effect. We also apply the multipath labeling technique to localization, which assists user equipment in obtaining its precise location through only a single base station.