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GCExplainer: Human-in-the-Loop Concept-based Explanations for Graph Neural Networks

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arxiv 2107.11889 v1 pith:CJ466OVK submitted 2021-07-25 cs.LG

GCExplainer: Human-in-the-Loop Concept-based Explanations for Graph Neural Networks

classification cs.LG
keywords explanationsconcept-baseddatasetsgraphclassificationgcexplainergnnsapproach
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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While graph neural networks (GNNs) have been shown to perform well on graph-based data from a variety of fields, they suffer from a lack of transparency and accountability, which hinders trust and consequently the deployment of such models in high-stake and safety-critical scenarios. Even though recent research has investigated methods for explaining GNNs, these methods are limited to single-instance explanations, also known as local explanations. Motivated by the aim of providing global explanations, we adapt the well-known Automated Concept-based Explanation approach (Ghorbani et al., 2019) to GNN node and graph classification, and propose GCExplainer. GCExplainer is an unsupervised approach for post-hoc discovery and extraction of global concept-based explanations for GNNs, which puts the human in the loop. We demonstrate the success of our technique on five node classification datasets and two graph classification datasets, showing that we are able to discover and extract high-quality concept representations by putting the human in the loop. We achieve a maximum completeness score of 1 and an average completeness score of 0.753 across the datasets. Finally, we show that the concept-based explanations provide an improved insight into the datasets and GNN models compared to the state-of-the-art explanations produced by GNNExplainer (Ying et al., 2019).

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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  2. Concept Graph Convolutions: Message Passing in the Concept Space

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Concept Graph Convolutions perform message passing on node concepts to increase interpretability of graph neural networks without losing task performance.

  3. Learning Label-Efficient Interpretable Medical Image Diagnosis via Semi-supervised Hypergraph Concept Bottleneck Model

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  4. AIMing for Standardised Explainability Evaluation in GNNs: A Framework and Case Study on Graph Kernel Networks

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    AIM is a new evaluation framework for explainability in GNNs that combines accuracy, instance-level, and model-level measures, applied to graph kernel networks to create an improved model xGKN.

  5. Subgraph Concept Networks: Concept Levels in Graph Classification

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Subgraph Concept Network is a new GNN architecture that distills meaningful concepts at node, subgraph, and graph levels via soft clustering to improve explainability while maintaining competitive accuracy.