Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 62 of 62 outbound references and 9 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.12976.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.12976 v1

Coverage vector

measured 62 of 62 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.665034Z

measured 71 of 71 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 9 of 9 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:40:36.009484Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T22:17:26.427292Z

Reference resolution

62 of 62 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy11
  • unresolved49
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ba3c3868-5c40-4b4f-b949-8c7c892ce737 · outbound

This paper cites Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.347215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.347215Z digest=sha256:2b821c235244677430c146b91ac2a736ea02b1803c1f5490b008f52d68667603

Observation a6b1c2e9-d476-40c5-babd-fd536a4504e0 · outbound

This paper cites Alaa, Boris van Breugel, Evgeny S.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Alaa, Boris van Breugel, Evgeny S

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.799919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.352637Z digest=sha256:65ab0bae2b84f9372f1f0eba197319c03bfedb2586e32f55c0b5db7b6c1b7d1d

Observation be201d4c-1ccc-4967-8ba9-2e5e2389f244 · outbound

This paper cites Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.357609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.357609Z digest=sha256:fa889f834c62ea289e6dca56f82248ae728ca75f29dfc401e34c140f07a2da0a

Observation ddfbdc4d-f07b-40db-88bb-05bdf3bd6787 · outbound

This paper cites Science in the age of large language models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Science in the age of large language models

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.786668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.362344Z digest=sha256:9ae03ff9d62e07a51e0c91668063d6cc5bbc9d870a00d07a4221b3594be63d18

Observation 4196ede3-e6a0-4c7c-9b8a-665b716950bf · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learners.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Language models are few-shot learners

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.366931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.366931Z digest=sha256:d799ed9b01f7ecfd3e5d699eae7d7585f055a9dea1e22666af1794d43d82632d

Observation 924430ce-09dd-48d0-9110-1e74d1e51528 · outbound

This paper cites MLE-bench: Evaluating Machine Learning Agents on Machine Learning Engineering.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data MLE-bench: Evaluating Machine Learning Agents on Machine Learning Engineering

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.371716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.371716Z digest=sha256:f553b5d64b9fd0f2e0104663eeee9e1dbf30f4cf9c437dcb36b11b1ae3cb3629

Observation 99a78805-66b4-41ac-a819-760f3ca3e02f · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.376901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.376901Z digest=sha256:a6af9f14d486d6052f98fa11367b1e1b968f5b950c0f3cf8ef8e151c2dc82bfc

Observation 411ab26b-8dee-474b-9fda-477cfdc37153 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluation metrics for language models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Evaluation metrics for language models

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.382087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.382087Z digest=sha256:e2876218adde3d475ea81b8026ca5853a76b521f5f55ab03c50c1f7bd0e65319

Observation 54e66ece-9b82-4ad2-94d5-dfa5d0a6c5ed · outbound

This paper cites ScienceAgentBench: Toward Rigorous Assessment of Language Agents for Data-Driven Scientific Discovery.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data ScienceAgentBench: Toward Rigorous Assessment of Language Agents for Data-Driven Scientific Discovery

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.386473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.386473Z digest=sha256:4e41a37a48d54673b7c63af74946c56505d466c145ee057671989ec85d0cdce8

Observation 275ca1b6-b21c-4b08-9f55-99e9c1a98cea · outbound

This paper cites Large language models for causal hypothesis generation in science.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Large language models for causal hypothesis generation in science

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.753811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.392423Z digest=sha256:a8054e9add0d4cb43376a461f628138d571aa2fe1dae2a2e3b881136f680bb44

Observation fe822bfe-15ad-40b5-96c7-2b4f6f18d755 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.396851Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.396851Z digest=sha256:ba91292ebeb813e838441d5ac6aea63801c15ad092d5830a278448c434b69aca

Observation 7133cda8-10d0-4de6-9fbf-c96352e20e44 · outbound

This paper cites New measures for evaluating creativity in scientific publications.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data New measures for evaluating creativity in scientific publications

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.495568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.401496Z digest=sha256:c44f5e53c5e4cf19199d9d41b44bfba04320e96a62193c0c753b47b07e2f11e1

Observation 52fd0a2a-3b0f-4dc5-81a2-78c842d7a23a · outbound

This paper cites Can gpt-3 pass a writer’s turing test? Journal of Cultural Analytics, 5 0 (2), 2020.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Can gpt-3 pass a writer’s turing test? Journal of Cultural Analytics, 5 0 (2), 2020

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.740419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.406106Z digest=sha256:913e4309b47a779e8432fb3d798537ec0d5a1778c90978905b42d5f387d16ed2

Observation 8db43477-b280-42eb-9b2d-8de3a9dc0c40 · outbound

This paper cites Towards an AI co-scientist.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Towards an AI co-scientist

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.410442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.410442Z digest=sha256:e967bbd503f14d410b6dba68ed45c8c2599571452762edb5d0675ad89397278e

Observation 0dfd8759-6725-41ec-ae48-233b9b895c64 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.415010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.415010Z digest=sha256:be3801d269372b59d58f8915cca6588ea942d49a4adc49d5c9a40d288c38177d

Observation f85015e4-3bc5-42d9-b5ff-eb4ff28b6978 · outbound

This paper cites Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Model.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Model

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.419453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.419453Z digest=sha256:f065b87309d84ad9459473eb243744c05744a231d8ef5ea66f2f9b0707130d98

Observation 8bb5700c-430f-44f5-b317-90fc891265ea · outbound

This paper cites The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.423856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.423856Z digest=sha256:bc55aad900d2289501758d31d880a44b82269f3072b09f73fd51d52ade7c520a

Observation dbdb4616-ad16-4ba3-b702-164e3104f806 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.428828Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.428828Z digest=sha256:fd21b0c8b8cb1e86550dffb9c0495e4e2352ddb2484770bb627a1624d9be62de

Observation 4146f8f2-f638-499b-b8c9-0f1ef0496cfc · outbound

This paper cites DISCOVERYWORLD: A Virtual Environment for Developing and Evaluating Automated Scientific Discovery Agents.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data DISCOVERYWORLD: A Virtual Environment for Developing and Evaluating Automated Scientific Discovery Agents

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.433445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.433445Z digest=sha256:b17df12cf8e388299226bf8414c4d309675d3dce8cf0f1cc1fecd36ebf77e53d

Observation 2b32f66b-c583-4ee1-ba4a-987f239003c6 · outbound

This paper cites SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processing.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processing

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.437385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.437385Z digest=sha256:1504ea5abe0015a96ada0d0b0d16907503f81afa1373af562ae29872c61d56a7

Observation 7117392f-1c94-4562-ace6-74adc7db461d · outbound

This paper cites Can large language models unlock novel scientific research ideas? arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.06185, 2024.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Can large language models unlock novel scientific research ideas? arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.06185, 2024

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.441453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.441453Z digest=sha256:b5bdf5a5e250f0463d2eccfe416cdf204f46633504664e3d2a03a1ea74f77a68

Observation bba6b31d-2cfb-4446-95c6-0f8cba1ef2bd · outbound

This paper cites HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.445227Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.445227Z digest=sha256:194761d9a63b01fb0f76d4bfd56bf08f11cf6adc60f5b1914f71b6ec8de566bb

Observation f808a093-fe63-454a-a418-ca7f1b6ba3a6 · outbound

This paper cites Contrastive decoding: Open-ended text generation as optimization.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Contrastive decoding: Open-ended text generation as optimization

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.726646Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.449391Z digest=sha256:dd68f1c08c98c3ccd77ccdc10ee5f61a4be19b82b5aac5b149b30ab2c25e088f

Observation 60a19afd-b43a-495a-b52a-07e43b513324 · outbound

This paper cites Improving Knowledge Extraction from LLMs for Task Learning through Agent Analysis.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Improving Knowledge Extraction from LLMs for Task Learning through Agent Analysis

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.453215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.453215Z digest=sha256:dc28c463375e1082150222777313f7eacfabf7356e4c06f4e60dfb395d16bf32

Observation 8d78ba1d-32a8-4305-a5be-60ed04cca881 · outbound

This paper cites Can a Transformer Pass the Wug Test? Tuning Copying Bias in Neural Morphological Inflection Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Can a Transformer Pass the Wug Test? Tuning Copying Bias in Neural Morphological Inflection Models

Reference 25

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.219857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.457327Z digest=sha256:9f14169c97853cf475a1099d3be2da45a61876513d724241ccc53377c5d1e0b2

Observation fcf74394-0e5a-45ba-afa0-1996819acce6 · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.462192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.462192Z digest=sha256:2ceaaf99518f50ab75661e95a1a7089f1ba45066de138512695cb9feb24c0e24

Observation 3c89c127-b9b3-4110-80de-920d63276a97 · outbound

This paper cites The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discovery.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discovery

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.471020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.471020Z digest=sha256:599bd30ef04cd8f65c513fc94b75cd04776c0017ef025652e6f403092ee7ca6f

Observation 8f16d87a-e0e3-4859-84dc-3c3652dd9fbf · outbound

This paper cites Llm4sr: A survey on large language models for scientific research.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Llm4sr: A survey on large language models for scientific research

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.711873Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.475392Z digest=sha256:d860d67db00d34acc8c1c70310bc39b1869a93dac6145d8299e2e66b4c856e01

Observation 466bf522-e12e-4898-8c15-9c142291e109 · outbound

This paper cites DiscoveryBench: Towards Data-Driven Discovery with Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data DiscoveryBench: Towards Data-Driven Discovery with Large Language Models

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.479710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.479710Z digest=sha256:af8333d51b46290a84d0c1b83fc551d56a4ac3124f18a7ea7ddbb2440fa5ea6c

Observation 10f032a6-f659-4a43-ab3c-e5e64d81bb10 · outbound

This paper cites SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.484563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.484563Z digest=sha256:90f38544802a6509c6931ddfc8d7ff962018e9c77bdeaa3f25dd3bef99d53f8b

Observation f86e921f-7f82-41bf-a06d-efd720250fa7 · outbound

This paper cites Thomas McCoy, Paul Smolensky, Tal Linzen, Jianfeng Gao, and Asli Celikyilmaz.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Thomas McCoy, Paul Smolensky, Tal Linzen, Jianfeng Gao, and Asli Celikyilmaz

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.695856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.489794Z digest=sha256:4cadeda5ca76296d19fddffa803d4135a819f60f4054eb3b9b70073f7b8287a8

Observation 7449daa1-65e3-4c60-bb58-2c32d20d8ddf · outbound

This paper cites Sources of Hallucination by Large Language Models on Inference Tasks.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Sources of Hallucination by Large Language Models on Inference Tasks

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.494798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.494798Z digest=sha256:b978c33b0055bfc1f3a2c41974aa12d0726aaabb30473523bdf04d03031ae814

Observation 7bb03e60-6392-48a3-be8b-74ddabdd38bb · outbound

This paper cites Locally Typical Sampling.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Locally Typical Sampling

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.500446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.500446Z digest=sha256:59aca9f2ccb95ee92e4c911eb617ceb71672b15bfccb9439c20ee4042e397540

Observation ba1ac34f-468d-40bd-84f4-a762359efea8 · outbound

This paper cites MLGym: A New Framework and Benchmark for Advancing AI Research Agents.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data MLGym: A New Framework and Benchmark for Advancing AI Research Agents

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.505582Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.505582Z digest=sha256:0fba8b36b65bc001d3688b3abfad0ff01ae4ad27d8716c937fa8d0e3c76f9c3b

Observation 62c91e58-a2e4-4562-80de-825bfd787403 · outbound

This paper cites Numeracy from Literacy: Data Science as an Emergent Skill from Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Numeracy from Literacy: Data Science as an Emergent Skill from Large Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.510613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.510613Z digest=sha256:c7b47bce90b86640f5295ca3cd4dd7d6d4de3913fbc1d5bd276e29d7b376f34a

Observation c77274f5-6dfa-45b4-b342-bea948ab724e · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models are Zero Shot Hypothesis Proposers.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Large Language Models are Zero Shot Hypothesis Proposers

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.516662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.516662Z digest=sha256:5f0c60c805b69413d700b8dea3cb0c8f48153ba984949b2f04e06471f4ab224a

Observation b19091bd-02c3-4cd2-b22e-256d12af1422 · outbound

This paper cites The standard definition of creativity.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data The standard definition of creativity

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.682014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.521989Z digest=sha256:915fcb323347795ab2674972cfab8e889402d354c603fb908c37a8d80847148f

Observation 31ffe52a-14ea-48c7-a623-8b33a9e73151 · outbound

This paper cites AgentRxiv: Towards Collaborative Autonomous Research.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data AgentRxiv: Towards Collaborative Autonomous Research

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.526802Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.526802Z digest=sha256:5f599188152e59afb4c35b38feb52d806abb4f876f30db4143f23466d7b2b3f3

Observation 8a32f347-bbf1-4383-bbfa-8eca0ca4c9cc · outbound

This paper cites Agent Laboratory: Using LLM Agents as Research Assistants.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Agent Laboratory: Using LLM Agents as Research Assistants

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.532162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.532162Z digest=sha256:dacf04f0a417fdd9f3a8ed13d3d4b8bb05bfb3975975b7bd981cf95309ce17da

Observation 852ca812-59d7-46aa-8303-e7b9d196f682 · outbound

This paper cites Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.537483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.537483Z digest=sha256:7c7f34bb0187cf37e12e37afcaf9fd105e13852f1fb739626fae957ccce2f6c7

Observation ac12ab8f-31bb-4c36-aeca-e09ac8978904 · outbound

This paper cites Collaborative Gym: A Framework for Enabling and Evaluating Human-Agent Collaboration.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Collaborative Gym: A Framework for Enabling and Evaluating Human-Agent Collaboration

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.543155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.543155Z digest=sha256:1eab7d3cf3f45aadd346c0423694795945884e6157ed8150be4accc3e158d1b3

Observation 86c3eb94-aab1-43ba-9efb-5001c8da13ac · outbound

This paper cites Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.548513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.548513Z digest=sha256:36f3b7f73cb7fd082126eb346471c73a71dc51b1683229649f4709aebf92735d

Observation e641c1dd-69e2-460b-9f01-c5581894fdb3 · outbound

This paper cites Can LLMs Generate Novel Research Ideas? A Large-Scale Human Study with 100+ NLP Researchers.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Can LLMs Generate Novel Research Ideas? A Large-Scale Human Study with 100+ NLP Researchers

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.553603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.553603Z digest=sha256:557bfa6b9ad034ebacb1280991c5aa0b5f259f205206c909ba9463c9512da895

Observation 9330a03e-d1ac-4ecb-ba30-430d36201d98 · outbound

This paper cites Creativity in science: Chance, logic, genius, and zeitgeist.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Creativity in science: Chance, logic, genius, and zeitgeist

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.668121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.558811Z digest=sha256:0b87b7713073dccf521446f780d5dca06136e7ca9992d5442feede546349f296

Observation 5b088e8b-7e1b-491f-b789-e76ad677c4a9 · outbound

This paper cites Creativity in science-scientific essay.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Creativity in science-scientific essay

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.654389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.563852Z digest=sha256:ef543e17d95ff28670e64b3fbc1a7e8af1ae8c9c8ed6f4982bdff5f0914c5bd9

Observation 288653e2-135a-4008-87d0-d08a5089e199 · outbound

This paper cites A Contrastive Framework for Neural Text Generation.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data A Contrastive Framework for Neural Text Generation

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.569048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.569048Z digest=sha256:f8f91b09d3b77fbd56e6f2bc834e37cfd415e5b9b6c5a3b6e33d30b746ff2b5e

Observation 7fbb5c5c-433a-4863-8b1b-755f1ad6d1c5 · outbound

This paper cites Bulaong, John E.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Bulaong, John E

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.574121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.574121Z digest=sha256:c2f427f4740fd5fd8ed65946d88cac1bbf68f0bae3e3c6a5b3c6260c224b3dee

Observation 692a78e4-a598-40de-b02d-0c35af354f89 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.579239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.579239Z digest=sha256:998a9b644102f9ff3f7f4a06b78b68c5e0080d69f5647bda9643da2210d5c142

Observation 70d5253e-553f-4b60-aec6-0d696b8a43d3 · outbound

This paper cites A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination Mitigation Techniques in Large Language Models

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.584634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.584634Z digest=sha256:63aafcc05f7c73dd32d889483fa12c7f6a2335fb684158e38ebc120d331d3c75

Observation ffbb5f55-8131-4e9f-9f0b-dd83f5e135d5 · outbound

This paper cites Scimon: Scientific inspiration machines optimized for novelty.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Scimon: Scientific inspiration machines optimized for novelty

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.640988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.589683Z digest=sha256:ea00c2fa6be67c1c7e1127883279e53ba170b89bdb85fdbace0543e5ba6da845

Observation 0b3c9e4a-0e2d-40b6-b887-a288996d0b5e · outbound

This paper cites Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.594729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.594729Z digest=sha256:2b877dbbe2c897a075f1755d9355f56f56f2fd7850fd751e51b6730258e1c231

Observation 5af3bc14-88d7-48c2-9ae1-1a252c4d15b0 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models as Master Key: Unlocking the Secrets of Materials Science with GPT.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Large Language Models as Master Key: Unlocking the Secrets of Materials Science with GPT

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.599597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.599597Z digest=sha256:e1dc65ba874056288f4db44191b265c294110087792b59af631ea4dd3b957eec

Observation 6d06b5f8-8fbd-43ca-9795-85e9950aa9ca · outbound

This paper cites Improving Scientific Hypothesis Generation with Knowledge Grounded Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Improving Scientific Hypothesis Generation with Knowledge Grounded Large Language Models

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.609903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.609903Z digest=sha256:cd0c18105281d0405fa02e3a9ebc06935be48884ede02cbf7935da0bd7a78767

Observation fcb51105-f3ae-488e-b304-993291b9b207 · outbound

This paper cites Keep CALM and Explore: Language Models for Action Generation in Text-based Games.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Keep CALM and Explore: Language Models for Action Generation in Text-based Games

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.616140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.616140Z digest=sha256:568fb8b258d90233b688753e3f9f1839ef7f15026f1b0c79ae155145154e590c

Observation 8f1301d2-8de5-40d0-9c7c-64d8df8ae95f · outbound

This paper cites Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.621624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.621624Z digest=sha256:285b43a683a79a50e3c564af2b14d35a6da038312b100ad17b1c6717edbc0698

Observation ea5732e9-f7c2-477b-b3e2-c0e2a06d3d84 · outbound

This paper cites User-Controlled Knowledge Fusion in Large Language Models: Balancing Creativity and Hallucination.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data User-Controlled Knowledge Fusion in Large Language Models: Balancing Creativity and Hallucination

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.627391Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.627391Z digest=sha256:9d3d4c36e017752218445db4d720bccc1c18f2e94b1430a9052d20420b276a14

Observation 706e7ec7-2d7b-4985-8acd-c8c9c27373c2 · outbound

This paper cites Hypothesis Generation with Large Language Models.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Hypothesis Generation with Large Language Models

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.638086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.638086Z digest=sha256:dcaf0bc7b656c0d96eab29c25b9649a0f2bcdc7471e7a1836f433a690ab468d9

Observation 92da3178-7c88-4a03-8740-1dde9071de59 · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.642887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.642887Z digest=sha256:e7a366a3abdde9bb85d0766684f89aaf75bbbde17a52e4b2d813936c1fb49396

Observation 26145dd1-867d-4780-9297-7906321606b1 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data write newline

Reference 62

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.648105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.648105Z digest=sha256:e72725265a0cab4c12753e223151618ef38919d80e7a99e571f7f4cc54e90254

Observation 9db97a69-8643-4030-9cd7-5bd4ddfb312d · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data @esa (Ref

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.654043Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.654043Z digest=sha256:2863d891dd0c25f9986d8b8682de7cc266838d08760e5a95810a5de18d7fa251

Observation 78ee2788-e1fd-4dbb-b0b7-b746a6378422 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:36.659608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.659608Z digest=sha256:f78bf5d94836f65ad9d06c02a01425f35a420f3671b117a4d658be80fba2d5d4

Observation dca63114-2e27-460d-9790-ecdd816f7ebf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 65

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:22:37.598221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-16T12:22:36.665034Z digest=sha256:2b99ea011ebfcce2400fad1ad9187c812071802ebd8d13e65783e6dc82e9a581

Pith citing papers

Observation caa38cd3-48dd-4eef-81c8-b9f9bf08921f · inbound

Are Large Language Models Reliable AI Scientists? Assessing Reverse-Engineering of Black-Box Systems cites this paper.

Are Large Language Models Reliable AI Scientists? Assessing Reverse-Engineering of Black-Box Systems Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:40:36.009484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T14:40:36.009484Z digest=sha256:f219c9d8d0f7437a13e59a37531cfb7f7641db9ab393475dce3a2c7ffb9ec31e

Observation aded90f8-1b0e-468e-93ab-0942d7935376 · inbound

AI Scientists Fail Without Strong Implementation Capability cites this paper.

AI Scientists Fail Without Strong Implementation Capability Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:49:04.355306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T11:49:04.355306Z digest=sha256:e8329e218ab112e3caac8a3cfdcec430e2fa7151bcae209092940380073707da

Observation 4922400d-bfb2-4c28-a819-628dc7d78ad4 · inbound

The Ideation-Execution Gap: Execution Outcomes of LLM-Generated versus Human Research Ideas cites this paper.

The Ideation-Execution Gap: Execution Outcomes of LLM-Generated versus Human Research Ideas Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T22:46:32.449311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T22:46:32.449311Z digest=sha256:ab981384aee93535d85e2b7651af5eba22d8c218934d6ef8a430e53400960eda

Observation 321753bc-3fb4-4635-b84e-d2f6f19d6532 · inbound

Interestingness First Classifiers cites this paper.

Interestingness First Classifiers Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T15:33:42.892921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T15:33:42.892921Z digest=sha256:9f2cfaf70f2e656929822cebf0557c8fd86fd74c585bf4308a9e3684f160d764

Observation 357342bc-7aa0-411f-9755-9459666d6633 · inbound

DN-Hypo-Pipeline: An AI-Driven Workflow for Generating Hypotheses using Large Language Models and Scientific Explanations cites this paper.

DN-Hypo-Pipeline: An AI-Driven Workflow for Generating Hypotheses using Large Language Models and Scientific Explanations Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 22

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T22:17:26.432462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-27T19:00:15.920341Z digest=sha256:54b3e2dd0cc7641d4d8e10d1644583f8046abe4badd6d7670cabe06a3a3e9c5e

Observation 3b36f246-9602-485b-a4ae-b4d76d2b036f · inbound

DN-Hypo-Pipeline: An AI-Driven Workflow for Generating Hypotheses using Large Language Models and Scientific Explanations cites this paper.

DN-Hypo-Pipeline: An AI-Driven Workflow for Generating Hypotheses using Large Language Models and Scientific Explanations Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T12:08:58.961648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-02T12:08:58.961648Z digest=sha256:00b15c5485d1a7d1dc52ad18b412c37ff78f0466ed2c804bdfb6541939f3674c

Observation 4f8f5225-8feb-4574-91ba-f919d38eae4a · inbound

HALO: Interactive Co-abductive Reasoning in Scientific Hypothesis Generation cites this paper.

HALO: Interactive Co-abductive Reasoning in Scientific Hypothesis Generation Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 77

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T15:05:26.835593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-01T15:05:26.835593Z digest=sha256:3599d1006c2358b093bb59287a344415341fa9bfd4d258e0917f94b49266fad7

Observation 55a2b1dc-a4bc-446f-9276-8d507285841f · inbound

Style Wins, Substance Loses: A Diagnosis of LLM-as-Judge in Idea Generation cites this paper.

Style Wins, Substance Loses: A Diagnosis of LLM-as-Judge in Idea Generation Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T23:25:06.856110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-04T23:25:06.856110Z digest=sha256:f4c35622dbf33cb0c9bdff8b449c13e86fd7044b52a21fa83f158f668eddc944

Observation 111ea1cb-6d23-49a8-aedb-16b296bc9bf7 · inbound

Style Wins, Substance Loses: A Diagnosis of LLM-as-Judge in Idea Generation cites this paper.

Style Wins, Substance Loses: A Diagnosis of LLM-as-Judge in Idea Generation Sparks of Science: Hypothesis Generation Using Structured Paper Data

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:15:12.688146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:15:12.688146Z digest=sha256:afb0ca13d09c5091a9b2984d05e178bdfb1db1ec460e160edd60bcf8763b0162