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Black hole images: A Review
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abstract
In recent years, unprecedented progress has been achieved regarding black holes' observation through the electromagnetic channel. The images of the supermassive black holes M87$^{*}$ and Sgr A$^{*}$ released by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration provided direct visual evidence for their existence, which has stimulated further studies on various aspects of the compact celestial objects. Moreover, the information stored in these images provides a new way to understand the pertinent physical processes that occurred near the black holes, to test alternative theories of gravity, and to furnish insight into fundamental physics. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent developments on the topic. In particular, we elaborate on the features and formation mechanism of black hole shadows, the properties of black hole images illuminated by the surrounding thin accretion disk, and the corresponding polarization patterns. The potential applications of the relevant studies are also addressed.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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Signatures of Lorentz violation in bright ring for Sgr A* images by radiation ineffective accretion flows
For a rotating Lorentz-violating black hole, increasing the LV parameter shrinks and broadens Sgr A*'s image ring, and EHT data bound the parameter over a spin-dependent range.
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Geodesics and shadows of the spindle-deformed Kerr black hole
In the spindle-deformed Kerr black hole, null geodesics separate at O(B²) while timelike do not; the deformation shifts the ISCO, can create an OSCO, and enlarges the shadow versus Kerr.
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A Universal Framework for Horizon-Scale Tests of Gravity with Black Hole Shadows
An adaptive ray-tracing and MCMC framework estimates shadow observables for arbitrary stationary metrics; applied to the Kerr–Bertotti–Robinson spacetime it yields an Sgr A* horizon-scale magnetic field of about 93 G ...
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Semi-analytical Study on the Polarized Images of Black Hole due to Frame Dragging
Frame dragging flips an initially retrograde equatorial flow around a Kerr black hole, and the polarized image shows three distinct critical locations whose spatial hierarchy is derived analytically for an on-axis observer.
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Regge poles, grey body factors, and absorption cross sections for black hole metrics with discontinuity
For black hole metrics with a discontinuity, the low-lying Regge poles remain nearly unchanged at moderate frequencies, which explains why greybody factors and absorption cross sections are stable observables despite ...
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Optical Appearance and Shadow of Kalb-Ramond Black Hole: Effects of Plasma and Accretion Models
For a static Kalb-Ramond black hole, increasing the Lorentz-breaking parameters shrinks the shadow, while plasma shrinks the shadow but brightens it, giving tentative signatures to distinguish it from Schwarzschild.
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Strong gravitational lensing effects around rotating regular black holes
Strong lensing by rotating regular black holes shifts lensing coefficients, image positions, magnifications, and time delays relative to Kerr, with M87* time delays differing by up to tens of hours while image positio...
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Optical images of the Kerr-Sen black hole and thin accretion disk
Ray-traced images of a Kerr-Sen black hole with a thin accretion disk show spin-dominated inner-shadow deformation and inclination-dominated redshift maps, while the 86-versus-230 GHz brightness gap is inherited from ...
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