Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2508.19481.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.19481 v1

Coverage vector

measured 34 of 34 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.455635Z

measured 35 of 35 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T01:19:45.480622Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T13:26:58.984379Z

Reference resolution

34 of 34 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy14
unresolved17
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c090e367-0234-4fec-89de-4082c4d81732 · outbound

This paper cites Osf spanish-wayuunaki,.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Osf spanish-wayuunaki,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.173229Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4fe0338d-0978-40e5-92d0-1c2c444f10a4 · outbound

This paper cites Are AI agents the new machine translation frontier? Challenges and opportunities of single- and multi-agent systems for multilingual digital communication.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Are AI agents the new machine translation frontier? Challenges and opportunities of single- and multi-agent systems for multilingual digital communication

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.317743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a2f4b5e-04ff-423e-92e0-f2e6a1bfea24 · outbound

This paper cites Ortega, Luis Chiruzzo, Arturo On- cevay, Shruti Rijhwani, Katharina Von Der Wense, and Manuel Mager.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Ortega, Luis Chiruzzo, Arturo On- cevay, Shruti Rijhwani, Katharina Von Der Wense, and Manuel Mager

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.144489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 82685f68-6048-4b1c-aa29-6a9252083be7 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.327331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d5529f6-8234-478b-92ef-4097cc760192 · outbound

This paper cites ReTool: Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Tool Use in LLMs.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study ReTool: Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Tool Use in LLMs

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.333656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f9376a47-7b17-4970-9e46-169ebd69eeba · outbound

This paper cites Cognitive Behaviors that Enable Self-Improving Reasoners, or, Four Habits of Highly Effective STaRs.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Cognitive Behaviors that Enable Self-Improving Reasoners, or, Four Habits of Highly Effective STaRs

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.338671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d22197d0-7e55-42e8-aa23-86d85efee470 · outbound

This paper cites Synthetic Data Generation & Multi-Step RL for Reasoning & Tool Use.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Synthetic Data Generation & Multi-Step RL for Reasoning & Tool Use

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.343801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e433ee4-3e8b-4036-88c1-d3d4e6fe7eb5 · outbound

This paper cites Enriching Way´ uunaiki-Spanish neu- ral machine translation with linguistic information.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Enriching Way´ uunaiki-Spanish neu- ral machine translation with linguistic information

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.349266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46ae72fd-cd79-40de-96ed-85d4afb1b78d · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the First Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource Languages, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, January 2025.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Proceedings of the First Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource Languages, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, January 2025

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.122767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5200f140-bede-4f43-b9c9-8a9e804be807 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.357250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea9f50f5-6a1c-45f5-bd68-9802fc61aa14 · outbound

This paper cites Machine translation using grammar materials for LLM post-correction.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Machine translation using grammar materials for LLM post-correction

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.102220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 60579c41-0065-4fb7-b65c-6eb81a8ae7b8 · outbound

This paper cites Nwatu, Veron- ica Perez-Rosas, Siqi Shen, Zekun Wang, Winston Wu, and Rada Mihalcea.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Nwatu, Veron- ica Perez-Rosas, Siqi Shen, Zekun Wang, Winston Wu, and Rada Mihalcea

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.086863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f5c5b018-877c-4510-99e5-a6ad7dfbca3a · outbound

This paper cites Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learning.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learning

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.370335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 73310da7-5a6c-4072-b94b-a5e7dde29b82 · outbound

This paper cites Challenges in adapting multilingual LLMs to low-resource lan- guages using LoRA PEFT tuning.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Challenges in adapting multilingual LLMs to low-resource lan- guages using LoRA PEFT tuning

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.068534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ffa8a2ed-8b7c-4d95-ad76-848055f33cb0 · outbound

This paper cites Gon- zalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Gon- zalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.049872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c6ddaa0a-7a4b-48fb-8fca-9d722fb4e744 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding r1-zero-like training: A critical per- spective, 2025.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Understanding r1-zero-like training: A critical per- spective, 2025

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.033181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 085cf816-ed8c-4ef9-8841-3abab51993b7 · outbound

This paper cites The performance of artificial intel- ligence in the use of indigenous american languages,.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study The performance of artificial intel- ligence in the use of indigenous american languages,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.012755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5b1a38d5-c69b-4ce2-86b0-2969cb7fa0ad · outbound

This paper cites From wer and ril to mer and wil: improved evaluation mea- sures for connected speech recognition.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study From wer and ril to mer and wil: improved evaluation mea- sures for connected speech recognition

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.989280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ee7c3cca-4460-467d-a19f-7caf36196ad1 · outbound

This paper cites No language left behind: Scaling human- centered machine translation, 2022.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study No language left behind: Scaling human- centered machine translation, 2022

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.967478Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e860192f-b88b-461e-876d-26df68bdb2cd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.951596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 449aadf0-9325-49ce-9f30-333089920c94 · outbound

This paper cites Bleu: A method for automatic evaluation of machine translation.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Bleu: A method for automatic evaluation of machine translation

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.408711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1bb6128-a6c5-4098-bb02-54886e4f5a8d · outbound

This paper cites Translation systems for low-resource colombian indige- nous languages, a first step towards cultural preserva- tion.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Translation systems for low-resource colombian indige- nous languages, a first step towards cultural preserva- tion

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.935792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 71ca403a-02eb-4dcd-8c9e-62c40e1a380c · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.417058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4c4b004e-d1b6-4f20-8631-ac3dd5b89057 · outbound

This paper cites Deepspeed: System optimizations en- able training deep learning models with over 100 billion parameters.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Deepspeed: System optimizations en- able training deep learning models with over 100 billion parameters

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.420739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 777e7145-807c-4732-9a40-6eadcc63c6f7 · outbound

This paper cites Mart´ ınez, Juan C.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Mart´ ınez, Juan C

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.923255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 008912eb-b81c-4fe5-abba-cf70aee093bc · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.434136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5386403-9f24-44b8-a53e-1288dd040e5d · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.438722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da831733-cc6e-426b-b6e5-49ab9ad98daf · outbound

This paper cites Journey to the Center of the Earth.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Journey to the Center of the Earth

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.910006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 31cd2b16-069b-4859-8b49-a1239ff1fe5d · outbound

This paper cites DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.447569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 67ca8b77-023d-45ef-b4f8-d0f8403381bd · outbound

This paper cites A reinforcement learning approach to improve low-resource machine translation leveraging domain monolingual data.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study A reinforcement learning approach to improve low-resource machine translation leveraging domain monolingual data

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.894120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation fcc2469e-d780-4c7f-8101-a32819aea54b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.877699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b0a21d4b-78aa-4005-9b8a-7aa2dd45ca5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:01.158420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b6b0f1dc-e8b7-4df6-a663-591bdfeeac36 · outbound

This paper cites ISBN 9798400703713.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study ISBN 9798400703713

Reference 2024

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.623206Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 411d4cb6-d2ec-4fa7-845b-7547dd5448e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 2025

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T16:56:00.494664Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation ac1d9517-24d5-4b89-8931-299321748157 · inbound

Reinforcement Learning Elicits Contextual Learning of Unseen Language Translation cites this paper.

Reinforcement Learning Elicits Contextual Learning of Unseen Language Translation Improving Low-Resource Translation with Dictionary-Guided Fine-Tuning and RL: A Spanish-to-Wayuunaiki Study

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T13:26:58.985848Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.