pith. sign in

arxiv: 1907.06217 · v1 · pith:DSU7TOHQnew · submitted 2019-07-14 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE · astro-ph.IM· hep-ex

POEMMA (Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics) design

A. V. Olinto , J. H. Adams , R. Aloisio , L. A. Anchordoqui , D. R. Bergman , M. E. Bertaina , P. Bertone , F. Bisconti
show 37 more authors
M. Bustamante M. Casolino M. J. Christl A. L. Cummings I. De Mitri R. Diesing J. Eser F. Fenu C. Guepin E. A. Hays E. G. Judd J. F. Krizmanic E. Kuznetsov A. Liberatore S. Mackovjak J. McEnery J. W. Mitchell A. Neronov F. Oikonomou A. N. Otte E. Parizot T. Paul J. S. Perkins G. Prevot P. Reardon M. H. Reno M. Ricci F. Sarazin K. Shinozaki J. F. Soriano F. Stecker Y. Takizawa R. Ulrich M. Unger T. M. Venters L. Wiencke R. M. Young
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 21:42 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.IMhep-ex
keywords ultra-high energy cosmic rayscosmic neutrinosspace-based observatorymulti-messenger astrophysicsPOEMMAprobe-class missionNASA Astrophysics
0
0 comments X

The pith

POEMMA is a proposed NASA probe-class mission designed to observe ultra-high energy cosmic rays and cosmic neutrinos from space.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper outlines the design of POEMMA as a medium-class space mission for particle astrophysics. It positions the observatory in orbit to capture rare ultra-high energy events that are difficult to collect in sufficient numbers from the ground. The approach combines observations of cosmic rays and neutrinos in a single platform to enable multi-messenger studies of extreme astrophysical processes. If realized, the design would provide larger exposure and different viewing geometry than existing experiments.

Core claim

POEMMA is presented as a NASA Astrophysics probe-class mission that observes ultra-high energy cosmic rays and cosmic neutrinos from space, framed as an Astro2020 APC white paper for a medium-class space particle astrophysics project.

What carries the argument

The POEMMA spacecraft concept for space-based detection of atmospheric particle cascades produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos.

If this is right

  • Simultaneous detection of UHECRs and neutrinos becomes possible in one instrument.
  • Exposure to the highest-energy cosmic rays increases beyond what ground arrays currently achieve.
  • Neutrino observations extend to energies where Earth-skimming or mountain-penetrating events can be recorded from orbit.
  • Multi-messenger correlations with gamma-ray and gravitational-wave data become feasible for the same source population.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The orbital vantage point could reduce uncertainties from atmospheric modeling that affect ground-based fluorescence measurements.
  • Success would set a template for follow-on missions that add polarization or timing resolution to the same optical channels.

Load-bearing premise

That the proposed space-based detection system can reach the aperture, resolution, and operational reliability needed to record enough rare ultra-high energy events within probe-class mission constraints.

What would settle it

An end-to-end simulation or engineering review that shows the expected annual event rate for either UHECRs or neutrinos falls below the minimum required for the stated science objectives.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1907.06217 by A. L. Cummings, A. Liberatore, A. Neronov, A. N. Otte, A. V. Olinto, C. Guepin, D. R. Bergman, E. A. Hays, E. G. Judd, E. Kuznetsov, E. Parizot, F. Bisconti, F. Fenu, F. Oikonomou, F. Sarazin, F. Stecker, G. Prevot, I. De Mitri, J. Eser, J. F. Krizmanic, J. F. Soriano, J. H. Adams, J. McEnery, J. S. Perkins, J. W. Mitchell, K. Shinozaki, L. A. Anchordoqui, L. Wiencke, M. Bustamante, M. Casolino, M. E. Bertaina, M. H. Reno, M. J. Christl, M. Ricci, M. Unger, P. Bertone, P. Reardon, R. Aloisio, R. Diesing, R. M. Young, R. Ulrich, S. Mackovjak, T. M. Venters, T. Paul, Y. Takizawa.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1: Left: Concept of the POEMMA photometer with major components identified. Right: [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2: POEMMA observing modes. Left: Stereo fluorescence mode around the nadir. Right: [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3: Left: Di [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4: Left: UHECR flux model predictions from [23] and Auger data [7]. 90% confidence [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5: Left: POEMMA ToO sensitivities to long bursts shown in purple. Dark purple bands [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6: Left: POEMMA instrument and spacecraft deployed and stowed for launch. Right: Layout [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7: Left: Cost estimates in millions of FY18 dollars. Right: POEMMA costs compared to past [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8: Mission Schedule [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_8.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is a NASA Astrophysics probe-class mission designed to observe ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos from space. Astro2020 APC white paper: Medium-class Space Particle Astrophysics Project.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents the POEMMA (Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics) mission concept as a NASA Astrophysics probe-class mission for space-based observations of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos. It is framed as an Astro2020 APC white paper describing a medium-class space particle astrophysics project.

Significance. If realized, the POEMMA concept would enable novel space-based multi-messenger observations at the highest energies, complementing ground-based facilities. The paper provides a high-level design overview but contains no new data, derivations, or empirical results.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment and recommendation to accept the manuscript. The report contains no major comments requiring response or revision.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity

full rationale

This Astro2020 APC white paper describes the POEMMA mission concept for space-based UHECR and neutrino observations. It advances no derivations, equations, fitted parameters, or quantitative predictions. The central content is a design proposal whose feasibility claims rest on engineering and programmatic considerations external to any internal chain. No load-bearing steps reduce to self-definition, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, or self-citation chains. The document is therefore self-contained against the circularity criteria.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The provided text consists only of the abstract of a mission design white paper. No free parameters, scientific axioms, or invented physical entities are described or required for the central statement.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5814 in / 1061 out tokens · 24137 ms · 2026-05-24T21:42:15.439440+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

50 extracted references · 50 canonical work pages · 35 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    NASA 020 Decadal Survey Planning site: https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/2020-decadal- survey-planning includes the POEMMA design report funded by NASA Grant Number: 10 NNX17AJ82G https://smd-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/science-pink/s3fs-public/atoms/files/ 1 POEMMA Study Rpt 0.pdf

    work page 2020

  2. [2]

    L. A. Anchordoqui et al., UHECRs with POEMMA arXiv:1907.03694

    work page arXiv 1907

  3. [3]

    GeV Observations of Star-forming Galaxies with \textit{Fermi} LAT

    M. Ackermann, et al. GeV Observations of Star-forming Galaxies with Fermi-LAT Astrophys. J., 755 (2012) 164, arXiv:1206.1346

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  4. [4]

    Indication of anisotropy in arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays through comparison to the flux pattern of extragalactic gamma-ray sources

    A. Aab et al. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], An Indication of anisotropy in arrival direc- tions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays through comparison to the flux pattern of extragalac- tic gamma-ray sources, Astrophys. J. 853, no. 2, L29 (2018) doi:10.3847 /2041-8213/aaa66d [arXiv:1801.06160 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  5. [5]

    Abraham et al

    J. Abraham et al. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 613, 29 (2010)

    work page 2010

  6. [6]

    J. A. Abraham et al. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], The fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 620, 227 (2010) [arXiv:0907.4282]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010

  7. [7]

    The Pierre Auger Observatory: Contributions to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017)

    A. Aab et al. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], The Pierre Auger Observatory: Contributions to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017), arXiv:1708.06592 [astro-ph.HE]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  8. [8]

    The surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment

    T. Abu-Zayyad et al. [Telescope Array Collaboration], The surface detector array of the Tele- scope Array experiment, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A689, 87 (2013) doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.05.079 [arXiv:1201.4964 [astro-ph.IM]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.05.079 2013

  9. [9]

    New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment

    H. Tokuno et al., New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 676, 54 (2012) doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044 [arXiv:1201.0002 [astro- ph.IM]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.044 2012

  10. [10]

    The Astrophysics of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays

    K. Kotera and A. V . Olinto, The astrophysics of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 49, 119 (2011) doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102620 [arXiv:1101.4256 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102620 2011

  11. [11]

    L. A. Anchordoqui, Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, arXiv:1807.09645 [astro-ph.HE]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv

  12. [12]

    R. A. Batista et al., Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 2019

    work page 2019

  13. [13]

    Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays from Young Neutron Star Winds

    P . Blasi, R. I. Epstein and A. V . Olinto, Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays from young neutron star winds, Astrophys. J. 533, L123 (2000) doi:10.1086/312626 [astro-ph/9912240]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/312626 2000

  14. [14]

    K. Fang, K. Kotera and A. V . Olinto, Newly-born pulsars as sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, Astrophys. J. 750, 118 (2012) doi:10.1088 /0004-637X/750/2/118 [arXiv:1201.5197 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012

  15. [15]

    K. Fang, K. Kotera and A. V . Olinto, Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray nuclei from extragalactic pulsars and the effect of their Galactic counterparts, JCAP 1303, 010 (2013) doi:10.1088/1475- 7516/2013/03/010 [arXiv:1302.4482 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1475- 2013

  16. [16]

    P . L. Biermann and P . A. Strittmatter, Synchrotron emission from shock waves in active galactic nuclei, Astrophys. J. 322, 643 (1987). doi:10.1086/165759

    work page doi:10.1086/165759 1987

  17. [17]

    J. P . Rachen and P . L. Biermann, Extragalactic ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays 1: Contribution from hot spots in FR-II radio galaxies, Astron. Astrophys. 272, 161 (1993) [astro-ph/9301010]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1993

  18. [18]

    Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays from Radio Galaxies

    B. Eichmann, J. P . Rachen, L. Merten, A. van Vliet and J. Becker Tjus, Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from radio galaxies, JCAP 1802, no. 02, 036 (2018) doi:10.1088 /1475-7516/2018/02/036 [arXiv:1701.06792 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  19. [19]

    L. A. Anchordoqui, G. E. Romero and J. A. Combi, Heavy nuclei at the end of the cos- mic ray spectrum?, Phys. Rev. D 60, 103001 (1999) doi:10.1103 /PhysRevD.60.103001 [astro- ph/9903145]. 11

    work page arXiv 1999

  20. [20]

    L. A. Anchordoqui, Acceleration of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in starburst superwinds, Phys. Rev. D 97, no. 6, 063010 (2018) doi:10.1103 /PhysRevD.97.063010 [arXiv:1801.07170 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  21. [21]

    COSMOLOGICAL GAMMA RAY BURSTS AND THE HIGHEST ENERGY COSMIC RAYS

    E. Waxman, Cosmological gamma-ray bursts and the highest energy cosmic rays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 386 (1995) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.386 [astro-ph/9505082]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.386 1995

  22. [22]

    On the acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in Gamma Ray Bursts

    M. Vietri, On the acceleration of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in gamma-ray bursts, Astro- phys. J. 453, 883 (1995) doi:10.1086/176448 [astro-ph/9506081]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/176448 1995

  23. [23]

    M. S. Muzio, M. Unger and G. R. Farrar, Progress towards characterizing ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources, arXiv:1906.06233

    work page arXiv 1906

  24. [24]

    Geometrical Constraints of Observing Very High Energy Earth-Skimming Neutrinos from Space

    C. Gu´ epin, F. Sarazin, J. Krizmanic, J. Loerincs, A. Olinto, and A. Piccone, Geometri- cal Constraints of Observing Very High Energy Earth-Skimming Neutrinos from Space, [arXiv:1812.07596 [astro-ph.IM]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv

  25. [25]

    M. H. Reno, J. F. Krizmanic and T. M. Venters, Cosmic tau neutrino detection via Cherenkov signals from air showers from Earth-emerging taus, [arXiv:1902.11287 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page arXiv 1902

  26. [26]

    T. M. Venters, M. H. Reno, J. F. Krizmanic, L. A. Anchordoqui, C. Gupin, and A. V . Olinto, POEMMA’s Target of Opportunity Sensitivity to Cosmic Neutrino Transient Sources, (2019) arXiv:1906.07209

    work page arXiv 2019

  27. [27]

    Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Neutrinos in the IceCube Era

    P . Meszaros, Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Neutrinos in the IceCube Era, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 67, (2017), 45-67; arXiv:1708.03577

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  28. [28]

    Astrophysics Uniquely Enabled by Observations of High-Energy Cosmic Neutrinos

    M. Ackermann, et al., Astrophysics Uniquely Enabled by Observations of High-Energy Cos- mic Neutrinos”, (2019), arXiv:1903.04334”,

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019

  29. [29]

    High Energy Neutrinos from Cosmological Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs

    E. Waxman and J. N. Bahcall High-energy neutrinos from cosmological gamma-ray burst fireballs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 2292-2295”, astro-ph/9701231

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1997

  30. [30]

    High energy neutrino early afterglows from gamma-ray bursts revisited

    K. Murase, High energy neutrino early afterglows gamma-ray bursts revisited, Phys. Rev. D76 (2007) 123001, arXiv:0707.1140

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2007

  31. [31]

    S. S. Kimura, K. Murase, P . Mszros and K. Kiuchi, High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prospects for Coincident Detection with Gravitational Waves, Astrophys. J. 848, no. 1, L4 (2017) doi:10.3847 /2041-8213/aa8d14 [arXiv:1708.07075 [astro- ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  32. [32]

    High-Energy Neutrinos from Millisecond Magnetars formed from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars

    K. Fang and B. D. Metzger, High-Energy Neutrinos from Millisecond Magnetars formed from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars, Astrophys. J. 849, no. 2, 153 (2017) [Astrophys. J. 849, 153 (2017)] doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8b6a [arXiv:1707.04263 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8b6a 2017

  33. [33]

    Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays and Black Hole Mergers

    K. Kotera and J. Silk Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays and Black Hole Mergers Astrophys. J. 823 (2016) 2, L29, arXiv:1602.06961

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  34. [34]

    High-Energy Neutrino Signatures of Newborn Pulsars In the Local Universe

    K. Fang, High-Energy Neutrino Signatures of Newborn Pulsars In the Local Universe, JCAP 1506 (2015) 06, arXiv:1411.2174

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015

  35. [35]

    K. Fang, B. D. Metzger, K. Murase, I. Bartos and K. Kotera, Multimessenger Implications of AT2018cow: High-Energy Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Emissions from Magnetar-Powered Super-Luminous Transients, arXiv:1812.11673 [astro-ph.HE]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv

  36. [36]

    Neutrinos and Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei from Blazars

    X. Rodrigues,A. Fedynitch, S. Gao, D. Boncioli, and W. Winter, Neutrinos and Ultra-High- Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei from Blazars, Astrophys. J. 854 (2018) 1, 54, arXiv:1711.02091

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018

  37. [37]

    M. G. Aartsen et al. [IceCube Collaboration], Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506 +056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert, Science 361, no. 6398, 147 (2018). doi:10.1126/science.aat2890 [arXiv:1807.08794 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1126/science.aat2890 2018

  38. [38]

    M. G. Aartsen, M. G. et al., Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, Science 361 (2018) 6398, eaat1378, arXiv:1807.08816 12

    work page arXiv 2018

  39. [39]

    Can tidal disruption events produce the IceCube neutrinos?

    L. Dai and K. Fang, Can tidal disruption events produce the IceCube neutrinos?, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 469 (2017) 2, 1354-1359, arXiv:1612.00011

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  40. [40]

    High Energy Neutrinos from the Tidal Disruption of Stars

    C. Lunardini and W. Winter, High Energy Neutrinos from the Tidal Disruption of Stars, Phys. Rev., D95, 2017, 12, 123001, arXiv:1612.03160

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  41. [41]

    D. Xiao, P . M´esz´aros, K. Murase, and Z.-g. Dai, High-Energy Neutrino Emission from White Dwarf Mergers, Astrophys. J. 832, (2016) 20, arXiv:1608.08150

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2016

  42. [42]

    F. W. Stecker, J. F. Krizmanic, L. M. Barbier, E. Loh, J. W. Mitchell, P . Sokolsky and R. E. Stre- itmatter, Observing the ultrahigh-energy universe with OWL eyes, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 136C, 433 (2004) doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.10.027 [astro-ph/0408162]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.10.027 2004

  43. [43]

    J. H. Adams et al. [JEM-EUSO Collaboration], An evaluation of the exposure in nadir observation of the JEM-EUSO mission, Astropart. Phys. 44, 76 (2013) doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.008 [arXiv:1305.2478 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.008 2013

  44. [44]

    Sensitivity of a proposed space-based Cerenkov astrophysical-neutrino telescope (CHANT)

    A. Neronov, D. V . Semikoz, L. A. Anchordoqui, J. Adams and A. V . Olinto, Sensitivity of a proposed space-based Cherenkov astrophysical-neutrino telescope, Phys. Rev. D 95, no. 2, 023004 (2017) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.023004 [arXiv:1606.03629 [astro-ph.IM]]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.95.023004 2017

  45. [45]

    Wiencke et al

    L. Wiencke et al. [JEM-EUSO Collaboration], EUSO-SPB1 mission and science, PoS ICRC 2017, 1097 (2018). doi:10.22323/1.301.1097

    work page doi:10.22323/1.301.1097 2017

  46. [46]

    J. H. Adams et al., White paper on EUSO-SPB2, arXiv:1703.04513 [astro-ph.HE]

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv

  47. [47]

    Albert et al

    A. Albert et al. [ANTARES and IceCube and Pierre Auger and LIGO Scientific and Virgo Col- laborations], Search for High-energy Neutrinos from Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 with ANTARES, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory, Astrophys. J. 850, no. 2, L35 (2017) doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa9aed [arXiv:1710.05839 [astro-ph.HE]]

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa9aed 2017

  48. [48]

    Sarazin et al., What is the Nature and Origin of the Highest-Energy Particles in the Uni- verse?, white paper for the 2020 Decadal Survey, 2019

    F. Sarazin et al., What is the Nature and Origin of the Highest-Energy Particles in the Uni- verse?, white paper for the 2020 Decadal Survey, 2019

    work page 2020

  49. [49]

    Ackermann et al., Astrophysics Uniquely Enabled by Observations of High-Energy Cos- mic Neutrinos, Astro2020 Science White Paper (2019)

    M. Ackermann et al., Astrophysics Uniquely Enabled by Observations of High-Energy Cos- mic Neutrinos, Astro2020 Science White Paper (2019)

    work page 2019

  50. [50]

    Ackermann et al., Fundamental Physics with High-Energy Cosmic Neutrinos Astro2020 Science White Paper (2019)

    M. Ackermann et al., Fundamental Physics with High-Energy Cosmic Neutrinos Astro2020 Science White Paper (2019). 13

    work page 2019