Pith. sign in

REVIEW 2 major objections 4 minor 43 references

Electrothermal control of spin-reorientation transition in Co/Fe_3GaTe_2 heterostructures

T0 review · 2 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-01 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Heating reversibly flips the easy axis of a Co/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructure between perpendicular and in-plane, near 311 K.

desk verdict A credible experimental demonstration of thermal and electrothermal anisotropy crossover in Co/FGaT, but the claim of an exchange-driven spin reorientation needs element-resolved proof before it fully lands. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.15844 v1 pith:DUYWIXA2 submitted 2026-07-17 cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Po-Wei Chen (1 , 2 , 3) , Ming-Hsien Hsu (1) , Cheng-Ying Hsiao (1) , Ming-Yang Ho (1) , Masahiro Haze (4) , Yan-Ru Chu (1)
show 28 more authors
Yu-Cheng Shao (5) Po-Chun Chang (6) Chen-Yu Ou (1) Ruei Chen (1) Ko-Fan Chen (1) Chung-Ting Ke (3) Chao-Hung Du (6) Yukio Hasegawa (4) Wen-Chin Lin (1). ((1) Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 11677 Taiwan. (2) Department of Physics The University of Osaka Toyonaka Osaka Japan. (3) Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan. (4) Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba Japan. (5) National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Taiwan. (6) Department of Physics Tamkang University New Taipei City Taiwan.)
This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords spin-reorientationtransitionFe3GaTe2vanderWaalsmagnetcobaltheterostructureJouleheatingmagneticanisotropymagneto-opticalKerreffectelectrothermalcontrol
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper claims that in a bilayer of a conventional cobalt film and the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2, the overall magnetic easy axis can be reversibly switched between perpendicular and in-plane by heating, either externally or through the Joule heat of an applied current. The switch occurs near 311 K, well below the Curie temperature, because the cobalt layer's in-plane preference gains dominance as Fe3GaTe2's perpendicular anisotropy weakens. The authors demonstrate the same reorientation in a working device within an 80–100 mW electrical power window, reversible over multiple cycles, and a cobalt-free control shows that heating alone lowers the domain-nucleation barrier, enabling field-assisted writing near a 15 mW threshold. This yields an electrothermal handle for controlling magnetism in two-dimensional spintronic devices without large write currents.

What carries the argument

The central mechanism is the spin-reorientation transition (SRT), a temperature-driven crossover of the easy axis controlled by competing anisotropy terms. Here the competition is between the strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 and the in-plane shape anisotropy of the cobalt overlayer, with interfacial exchange coupling acting as the mediator that transmits the FGaT anisotropy to the Co layer. The authors define the reorientation temperature T_R operationally as the point where the positive and negative nucleation fields cross zero, which marks the loss of the remanent out-of-plane state. In the device, Joule heating downstream of a leaky

What would settle it

Measure element-specific magnetization (e.g., X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Co and Fe absorption edges) while sweeping temperature through the transition. If the cobalt layer is found to remain in-plane at all temperatures while the Fe signal vanishes near 311 K, the apparent spin reorientation is only a change in which layer contributes to the Kerr signal, not a physical rotation of the heterostructure's magnetization.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

In a Pd/Co/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructure, the dominant magnetic anisotropy switches from out-of-plane to in-plane when the temperature rises through a reorientation transition near 311 K; the same switch can be driven electrically by Joule heating at 80–100 mW. The mechanism is an exchange-mediated anisotropy competition: at low temperature, interfacial exchange from the strongly perpendicular Fe3GaTe2 layer pulls the cobalt magnetization out of plane, but heating weakens Fe3GaTe2's anisotropy so the cobalt's intrinsic in-plane preference wins. Complementary out-of-plane and in-plane Kerr loops, a zero crossing of the nucleation fields at the transition, and a cobalt-free control showing only bar

Load-bearing premise

The interpretation that the square out-of-plane hysteresis loop at room temperature arises because interfacial exchange coupling rotates the cobalt layer's magnetization out of plane, rather than because the Fe3GaTe2 layer alone dominates the magneto-optical signal within the optical penetration depth.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • A single device can reversibly toggle between out-of-plane- and in-plane-dominated magnetic states using electrical power alone, without changing material or stoichiometry.
  • The transition occurs at a power threshold rather than a field threshold, so moderate applied fields can write a magnetic state when combined with heating.
  • Because the reorientation happens about 40–70 K below the Curie point, the switching works while the van der Waals magnet remains ferromagnetic, preserving its useful properties.
  • In a cobalt-free control, the same electrothermal softening lowers the reversal field by roughly a factor of five, enabling power-thresholded field-assisted reversal near 15 mW.
  • The effect is reversible over at least five thermal and electrical cycles, with no detectable chemical change between the metal and the van der Waals layer.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The anisotropy-competition picture should generalize to other metallic ferromagnets on van der Waals magnets, with the reorientation temperature set by the ratio of the two anisotropies; a testable prediction is that thicker cobalt layers shift T_R upward.
  • The power-thresholded switching at a fixed assist field is the operating principle of heat-assisted magnetic recording, so this geometry could be a platform for low-energy writing if pulsed excitation reduces the required energy below the quasi-static values reported here.
  • The combination of the tunable nucleation barrier with the defect-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions seen in the same crystals suggests a route to writing skyrmion or bubble textures on demand, though that remains to be demonstrated.
  • If the apparent reorientation is a true rotation of the cobalt layer, element-resolved probes should see the cobalt moment tilt continuously across the transition; the paper leaves this as explicit future work.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 4 minor

Summary. The manuscript investigates Co/Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT) heterostructures and reports a temperature- and Joule-heating-driven transition from an out-of-plane (OOP) to an in-plane (IP) dominated magnetic state. The authors measure polar and longitudinal MOKE hysteresis loops as a function of temperature (297–377 K) and electrical power (0–254 mW), finding that the OOP loop evolves from square with Mr/Ms≈1 to hard-axis-like, while the IP loop becomes more square; the nucleation-field zero crossing defines TR≈311 K. In a device, OOP remanence collapses in an 80–100 mW window and is reversible over five cycles. Co-free FGaT devices retain square OOP loops to much higher power, and Kerr microscopy shows power-thresholded field-assisted reversal near 15 mW. In situ STM shows Co grows as clusters on the Te-terminated surface. The authors interpret the results as an exchange-mediated anisotropy competition in which weakening FGaT anisotropy allows Co's IP shape anisotropy to dominate. They explicitly discuss and argue against the alternative that the effect is merely a change in Kerr signal weighting.

Significance. If correct, this is a valuable demonstration of electrothermal anisotropy control in a room-temperature vdW ferromagnet heterostructure, with potential relevance to heat-assisted writing. The manuscript's strengths include complementary OOP/IP MOKE data, reversible cycling, Co-free controls, direct domain imaging of nucleation, and in situ STM of the interface. The central difficulty is that the key inference—that the Co layer rotates out of plane at low temperature—is drawn from composite optical signals, not element-resolved measurements. The paper's own proposed future XMCD experiment is the natural arbiter. Until such data (or an equivalent decisive experiment) are provided, the SRT interpretation remains plausible but not proven.

major comments (2)
  1. [§3, Discussion (paragraph beginning 'Two scenarios...')] The central claim of a genuine SRT rests on the inference that the square OOP loop at 297.5 K arises because exchange rotates the 10 nm Co layer out of plane. The alternative—FGaT dominating polar Kerr while Co stays in-plane—can reproduce the OOP evolution (square at low T, hard-axis near TC) and single-step switching. The counterarguments are indirect: the 10 nm Co argument does not identify the source of squareness without element resolution; Co-free controls are on different devices without local temperature; XAS stability was on Pd/[Co/Pd]/bulk FGaT. The IP complement is the strongest evidence but remains composite. The manuscript itself lists XMCD as future work. This gap is load-bearing for the title/abstract claim. Please add element-resolved data or a decisive thickness experiment, or temper the conclusion.
  2. [§3, Co-free control paragraph] The statement that Co-free controls 'confirm that the crossover in the heterostructure is not set by the loss of FGaT ferromagnetism alone' is not fully supported. The control devices have different FGaT thicknesses (28.8 nm vs ~100 nm) and no measured local temperature; the dissipated power is a proxy, and the Co/FGaT stack may reach a different local temperature at the same P. The 80–100 mW window and TR≈311 K are compared only qualitatively (the paper acknowledges this). A thickness-matched control with thermal modeling or direct local temperature measurement would strengthen the argument.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Sec. 1] Typo: 'an useful platform' should be 'a useful platform'.
  2. [Fig. 3(b) caption] Typo: 'tansition' should be 'transition'. Also, the caption could explicitly state that the coils represent the FGaT and Co layers for clarity.
  3. [Sec. 3, XAS paragraph] The XAS stability check was performed on Pd(3 nm)/[Co(0.3 nm)/Pd(0.8 nm)]10/Pd(3 nm) grown on bulk FGaT, not on the Co/FGaT bilayer used for the SRT measurements. Clarify in the main text that this is a 'related' heterostructure and discuss any possible differences in interface reactivity.
  4. [Fig. 4 caption] The label 'Left:' is confusing because the schematic appears above the panels; consider revising to 'Top left' or 'Schematic'.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the paper's claims are operational/experimental, the defining criterion for TR is an observed zero crossing rather than a fitted target, and no load-bearing step reduces to a fit or to a self-citation.

full rationale

This is an experimental paper whose central result is a measured evolution of MOKE hysteresis loops with temperature and Joule power. The reorientation temperature is defined operationally as the zero crossing of the nucleation fields ("We define T_R as the temperature at which H_n+ and H_n− cross zero, giving T_R ≈ 311 K"), so it is extracted from data rather than being a parameter fitted to force agreement with the SRT interpretation. The 80–100 mW electrothermal window is likewise presented as a qualitative correspondence, with the authors explicitly stating that "the correspondence between the 80-100 mW window and the thermal T_R≈311K is therefore qualitative." The main interpretive step—that the OOP-to-IP loop evolution reflects exchange-driven Co reorientation rather than a change in Kerr signal weighting—is flagged and argued using independent measurements and external literature (Co/NiO/Fe trilayer exchange-transferred reorientation, Co anisotropy references), not by an equation that defines the conclusion into the input. The only self-citation is reference [16] on cAFM electrothermal writing, used as background context for device-level extension, and it is not load-bearing for the central SRT claim. The paper also notes the absence of element-resolved data ("Element-resolved probes such as XMCD could resolve the layer-by-layer reorientation directly"), which is an acknowledged limitation but not evidence of circularity. No derivation chain reduces to its own inputs, and no fitted quantity is renamed as a prediction. Accordingly, the circularity score is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

No new parameters fitted to data; the paper is a measurement study. The central interpretation rests on standard thin-film magnetism assumptions (Co shape anisotropy, exchange coupling) and on FGaT's TC/PMA from prior literature. The electrothermal vs. electrostatic assignment is an assumption supported by polarity symmetry and control devices, but not by a direct temperature measurement.

assumptions (4)
  • domain assumption A 10 nm Co film is magnetized in-plane due to shape anisotropy; an uncoupled Co layer cannot produce a square out-of-plane Kerr loop.
    Used in the Discussion to argue the square OOP loop at 297.5 K implies exchange coupling with FGaT (Section 3, second-scenario paragraph).
  • domain assumption Interfacial exchange can transfer a temperature-driven reorientation from FGaT to the Co overlayer across a direct ferromagnet/ferromagnet interface.
    The paper cites exchange-transferred reorientation in Co/NiO/Fe trilayers, but that system uses an antiferromagnetic spacer; direct FM/FM transfer is assumed without a dedicated measurement (Section 3).
  • domain assumption The electrical input acts predominantly as Joule heating, not electrostatic gating.
    Supported by polarity-symmetric loop evolution and leakage through the AlOx layer, but device temperature was not measured; the power axis remains a proxy (Section 3 and Fig. 4).
  • domain assumption FGaT has TC ≈ 350–380 K and strong PMA in the flakes studied.
    Taken from prior literature (ref. [5]) and used to argue the SRT occurs well below TC; not independently measured for these specific flakes.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Electrothermal control of spin-reorientation transition in Co/Fe_3GaTe_2 heterostructures." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/DUYWIXA2

@misc{pith2026260715844,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Electrothermal control of spin-reorientation transition in Co/Fe_3GaTe_2 heterostructures},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/DUYWIXA2}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.15844}
}
read the original abstract

Electrical control of magnetic anisotropy in van der Waals (vdWs) magnets is a key step toward reconfigurable two-dimensional spintronics, yet how a conventional metallic ferromagnet competes with a van der Waals magnet across a direct interface has remained largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate reversible thermal and electrothermal control of a spin-reorientation transition in Co/Fe_3GaTe_2 (FGaT) heterostructures. As Joule heating weakens the FGaT anisotropy, the heterostructure switches from an out-of-plane- to an in-plane-dominated state at a reorientation temperature of approximately 311 K, well below the Curie temperature, consistent with an exchange-mediated anisotropy competition between the Co overlayer and FGaT. An electrically driven device shows a closely matching loop evolution within an 80-100 mW power window, reversibly over five measurement cycles, consistent with an electrothermal origin. In a Co-free FGaT device, Kerr microscopy traces the switching to a power-tunable domain nucleation barrier and demonstrates power-thresholded, field-assisted magnetization reversal at a threshold near 15 mW. These results demonstrate electrothermal anisotropy competition as a route to heat-assisted and device-level control of vdWs magnetism.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.15844 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Atomic-scale deficiency signatures characterized by scanning tunneling microscope (STM) on cleaved Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT). (a) Large-area STM topograph of cleaved FGaT measured at 4 K, showing a flat terrace-like surface without visible step edges in the scanned region. (b) Atomic-resolution STM image showing a hexagonal Te lattice; the fast Fourier transform (FFT) inset confirms sixfold in-plane (IP) symmetry. The dashed … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. In situ STM characterization of Co growth on cleaved FGT: initially isolated Co clusters evolve into quasi￾continuous Co coverage with lattice-aligned stripe-like features upon annealing and higher-dose deposition. Apparent Co￾covered areas were estimated from levelled STM topographs by absolute-height-threshold mask analysis in Gwyddion [28] . (a) Large-area STM topograph after low-dose Co deposition on FGaT, showi… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Temperature-driven spin-reorientation transition in Co/FGaT. (a) Temperature-dependent out-of-plane (OOP) MOKE hysteresis loops of a Pd(3 nm)/Co(10 nm)/FGaT(198 nm) heterostructure on an Al2O3(0001) substrate. The magnetic field was applied along the crystallographic c-axis. The OOP loop evolves from a square, remanent state at low temperature to a nearly linear hard-axis-like response at high temperature, indicatin… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (2 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Electrothermal control of spin-reorientation transition in a Co/FGaT device. Left: schematic and layer structure of the AlOx(100 nm)/Pt(2 nm)/Pd(2 nm)/Co(7.5 nm)/FGaT(28.8 nm)/SiO2 multilayer device. The electrical input pro￾duces Joule heating in the active heterostru…
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Power-dependent domain reversal in a Co-free AlOx(100 nm)/Pt(3 nm)/FGaT(39.3 nm) device (thickness determined by AFM, Supplementary Fig. S3(c)), imaged by polar Kerr microscopy. (a) Each row shows the field-driven reversal at a fixed input power; each column correspond…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

43 extracted references · 28 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Matsukura, Y

    F. Matsukura, Y. Tokura, H. Ohno, Control of magnetism by electric fields, Nat. Nanotechnol., 10 (2015), pp. 209–220. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.22

    doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.22 2015

  2. [2]

    Hellman, A

    F. Hellman, A. Hoffmann, Y. Tserkovnyak, G.S.D. Beach, E.E. Fullerton, C. Leighton, A.H. MacDon- ald, D.C. Ralph, D.A. Arena, et al., Interface- induced phenomena in magnetism, Rev. Mod. Phys., 89 (2017), 025006. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.89.025006

    doi:10.1103/revmodphys.89.025006 2017

  3. [3]

    K.F. Mak, J. Shan, D.C. Ralph, Probing and con- trolling magnetic states in 2D layered magnetic materials, Nat. Rev. Phys., 1 (2019), pp. 646–661. DOI: 10.1038/s42254-019-0110-y

    doi:10.1038/s42254-019-0110-y 2019

  4. [4]

    Y. Deng, Y. Yu, Y. Song, J. Zhang, N.Z. Wang, Z. Sun, Y. Yi, Y.Z. Wu, S. Wu, J. Zhu, J. Wang, X.H. Chen, Y. Zhang, Gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2, Na- ture, 563 (2018), pp. 94–99. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0626-9

    doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0626-9 2018

  5. [5]

    Zhang, F

    G. Zhang, F. Guo, H. Wu, X. Wen, L. Yang, W. Jin, W. Zhang, H. Chang, Above-room- temperature strong intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals Fe3GaTe2 with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Nat. Commun., 13 (2022), 5067. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32605-5

    work page doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32605-5 2022

  6. [6]

    Ruiz, D.L

    A.M. Ruiz, D.L. Esteras, D. López-Alcalá, J.J. Baldoví, On the Origin of the Above-Room- Temperature Magnetism in the 2D van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2, Nano Lett., 24 (2024), pp. 7886–7894. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01019 10

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01019 2024

  7. [7]

    S. Wu, Z. He, M. Gu, L. Ren, J. Li, B. Deng, D. Wang, X. Guo, W. Li, M. Chen, Y. Chen, M. Meng, Q. Ye, B. Shen, X. Chen, J. Guo, G. Xing, I.K. Sou, S. Li, Robust ferromagnetism in wafer- scale Fe3GaTe2 above room-temperature, Nat. Commun., 15 (2024), 10765. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54936-1

    work page doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54936-1 2024

  8. [8]

    S. Jin, Y. Wang, H. Zheng, S. Dong, K. Han, Z. Wang, G. Wang, X. Jiang, X. Wang, J. Hong, H. Huang, Y. Zhang, T.-L. Xia, X. Wang, Thickness- and Field-Dependent Magnetic Domain Evolution in van der Waals Fe3GaTe2, Nano Lett., 24 (2024), pp. 5467–5473. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00496

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00496 2024

Show all 43 references
  1. [9]

    X. Lv, H. Lv, Y. Huang, R. Zhang, G. Qin, Y. Dong, M. Liu, K. Pei, G. Cao, J. Zhang, Y. Lai, R. Che, Distinct skyrmion phases at room temper- ature in two-dimensional ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2, Nat. Commun., 15 (2024), 3278. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47579-9

    2024 doi

  2. [10]

    Z. Li, H. Zhang, G. Li, J. Guo, Q. Wang, Y. Deng, Y. Hu, X. Hu, C. Liu, M. Qin, X. Shen, R. Yu, X. Gao, Z. Liao, J. Liu, Z. Hou, Y. Zhu, X. Fu, Room- temperature sub-100 nm Néel-type skyrmions in non-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3−xGaTe2 with ultrafast laser writ...

    2024 doi

  3. [11]

    Zhang, Z

    C. Zhang, Z. Jiang, J. Jiang, W. He, J. Zhang, F. Hu, S.Zhao, D.Yang, Y.Liu, Y.Peng, H.Yang, H. Yang, Above-room-temperature chiral skyrmion lattice and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3−xGaTe2, Nat. Commun., 15 (2024), 4472. DOI: 10.1038/s41...

    2024 doi

  4. [12]

    Zhang, J

    G. Zhang, J. Yu, H. Wu, L. Yang, W. Jin, W. Zhang, H. Chang, Field-free room-temperature modulationofmagneticbubbleandstripedomains in 2D van der Waals ferromagnetic Fe 3GaTe2, Appl. Phys. Lett., 123 (2023), 101901. DOI: 10.1063/5.0159994

    2023 doi

  5. [13]

    Kajale, T

    S.N. Kajale, T. Nguyen, C.A. Chao, D.C. Bono, A. Boonkird, M. Li, D. Sarkar, Current-induced switching of a van der Waals ferromagnet at room temperature, Nat. Commun., 15 (2024), 1485. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45586-4

    2024 doi

  6. [14]

    S. Zhou, J. Yang, G. Hu, Z. Chen, K. Shi, B. Tong, J. Feng, Z. Dou, Z. Lyu, X. Song, J. Shen, H. Yang, H. Ke, P. Li, G. Liu, F. Qu, L. Lu, Field-free and efficient nanosecond spin-orbit torque switching in optimized WTe 2/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructures, Appl. Phys. Lett., 128 (2026...

    2026 doi

  7. [15]

    Zhang, H

    D. Zhang, H. Wei, J. Duan, J. Chen, J. Chen, D. Yue, W. Gong, P. Liu, Y. Yang, J. Gou, J. Yan, K. Zhai, P. Wang, S. Hu, Z. Jia, W. Jiang, L. Liu, W. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Jiang, Orbital torque switching of room temperature two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2, Nat. Com...

    2025 doi

  8. [16]

    Liu, Y.-J

    C.-M. Liu, Y.-J. Liu, P.-C. Chang, P.-W. Chen, M. Haze, M.-H. Hsu, N.N. Gopakumar, Y. Zhou, Y.- H. Tung, S. Hammouda, C.-H. Du, Y. Hasegawa, Y. Su, H.-C. Chiu, W.-C. Lin, Localized cre- ation of bubble domains in Fe3GaTe2 by conduc- tiveatomicforcemicroscopy, Appl.Surf.Sci.Adv...

    2025

  9. [17]

    C. Cai, Y. Wen, L. Yin, R. Cheng, H. Wang, X. Feng, L. Liu, C. Jiang, J. He, Non-volatile electric- field control of room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe3GaTe2 heterostructures, Nat. Commun., 16 (2025), 6797. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62159-1

    2025 doi

  10. [18]

    P. Wang, J. Gou, Z. Xu, Y. An, D. Zhang, D. Yue, K. Zhai, S. Wu, M. Gao, Z. Zhu, Y. Li, W. Wang, Y. Jiang, Giant modulation of perpendicular mag- netic anisotropy of Fe3GaTe2 at room temperature through electric fields, Commun. Phys., 8 (2025), 445. DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02345-1

    2025 doi

  11. [19]

    Johnson, P.J.H

    M.T. Johnson, P.J.H. Bloemen, F.J.A. den Broeder, J.J. de Vries, Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers, Rep. Prog. Phys., 59 (1996), pp. 1409–1458. DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/59/11/002

    1996 doi

  12. [20]

    Baek, H.G

    I.-G. Baek, H.G. Lee, H.-J. Kim, E. Vescovo, Spin reorientation transition in Fe(110) thin films: The role of surface anisotropy, Phys. Rev. B, 67 (2003), 075401. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.075401

    2003 doi

  13. [21]

    Garreau, E

    G. Garreau, E. Beaurepaire, K. Ounadjela, M. Farle, Spin-reorientation transition in ultrathin Tb/Co films, Phys. Rev. B, 53 (1996), 1083–1086. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.1083

    1996 doi

  14. [22]

    Szpytma, M

    M. Szpytma, M. Ślęzak, W. Janus, H. Nayyef, T. Ślęzak, A. Mandziak, M. Zając, D. Wilgocka- Ślęzak, T.O. Menteş, M. Jugovac, A. Locatelli, A. Kozioł-Rachwał, Transfer of magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Co/NiO/Fe trilayers, Sci. Rep., 14 (2024), 1680. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51896-w

    2024 doi

  15. [23]

    Hsu, R.H

    W.-H. Hsu, R.H. Victora, Heat-assisted magnetic recording – Micromagnetic modeling of recording media and areal density: A review, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 563 (2022), 169973. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169973

    2022

  16. [24]

    Pantasri, A

    W. Pantasri, A. Meo, P. Chureemart, A. Suntives, K. Pituso, R.W. Chantrell, J. Chureemart, Model of advanced recording system for application in 11 heat-assisted magnetic recording, Sci. Rep., 15 (2025), 2776. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-87044-1

    2025 doi

  17. [25]

    D. Kong, R. Peckham, K. Burns, Z. Mao, S.H. Lee, J.A. Hachtel, Z. Gai, I. Harrison, P. Reinke, Tip- Induced Etching and Vacancy Island Evolution on 2H-TaS2 Revealed by STM, J. Phys. Chem. C, 129 (2025), pp. 19166–19176. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c05198

    2025 doi

  18. [26]

    Tersoff, D.R

    J. Tersoff, D.R. Hamann, Theory of the scanning tunneling microscope, Phys. Rev. B, 31 (1985), 805–813. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.31.805

    1985 doi

  19. [27]

    Luo, H.-C

    P.P.-R. Luo, H.-C. Hsu, L.-S. Lin, H.-Y. Chen, X.- Y. Xie, C.-N. Kuo, J.-P. Chou, C.-S. Lue, Y.-P. Chiu, Direct evidence of coupling between charge density wave and Kondo lattice in ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2, Nat. Commun., 16 (2025), 5080. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60301-7

    2025 doi

  20. [28]

    Nečas, P

    D. Nečas, P. Klapetek, Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis, Open Phys., 10 (2012), pp. 181–188. DOI: 10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2

    2012 doi

  21. [29]

    Johansson, Heteroepitaxial growth modes revis- ited, CrystEngComm, 25 (2023), pp

    J. Johansson, Heteroepitaxial growth modes revis- ited, CrystEngComm, 25 (2023), pp. 6671–6676. DOI: 10.1039/d3ce00664f

    2023 doi

  22. [30]

    Poon, J.S

    S.W. Poon, J.S. Pan, E.S. Tok, Nucleation and growth of cobalt nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 8 (2006), pp. 3326–3334. DOI: 10.1039/b604627b

    2006 doi

  23. [31]

    F. Ono, H. Maeta, Determination of Lattice Parameter in HCP Cobalt Using X-Ray Bond’s Method, J. Phys. Colloques, 49 (1988), pp. C8– 63–C8–64. DOI: 10.1051/jphyscol:1988818

    1988 doi

  24. [32]

    Lizárraga, F

    R. Lizárraga, F. Pan, L. Bergqvist, E. Holmström, Z. Gercsi, L. Vitos, First Principles Theory of the hcp-fcc Phase Transition in Cobalt, Sci. Rep., 7 (2017), 3778. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03877-5

    2017 doi

  25. [33]

    A. Zur, T. C. McGill, Lattice match: An applica- tion to heteroepitaxy, J. Appl. Phys., 55 (1984), pp. 378–386. DOI: 10.1063/1.333084

    1984 doi

  26. [34]

    M. Marz, K. Sagisaka, D. Fujita, Ni nanocrystals on HOPG(0001): A scanning tunnelling micro- scope study, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 4 (2013), pp. 406–417. DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.48

    2013 doi

  27. [35]

    Lee, J.-R

    J.-W. Lee, J.-R. Jeong, S.-C. Shin, J. Kim, S.-K. Kim, Spin-reorientation transitions in ultrathin Co films on Pt(111) and Pd(111) single-crystal substrates, Phys. Rev. B, 66 (2002), 172409. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.172409

    2002 doi

  28. [36]

    Jensen, K.H

    P.J. Jensen, K.H. Bennemann, Theory for the temperature induced reorientation of the magne- tization in thin films, Solid State Commun., 100 (1996), pp. 585–589. DOI: 10.1016/0038-1098(96)00459-0

    1996 doi

  29. [37]

    Kirilyuk, J

    A. Kirilyuk, J. Ferré, V. Grolier, J.P. Jamet, D. Renard, Magnetization reversal in ultrathin ferro- magnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 171 (1997), pp. 45–63. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-8853(96)00744-5

    1997 doi

  30. [38]

    Ravel, M

    B. Ravel, M. Newville, ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorp- tion spectroscopy using IFEFFIT, J. Synchrotron Rad., 12 (2005), pp. 537–541. DOI: 10.1107/S0909049505012719

    2005 doi

  31. [39]

    Newville, Fundamentals of XAFS, Rev

    M. Newville, Fundamentals of XAFS, Rev. Min- eral. Geochem., 78 (2014), pp. 33–74. DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2014.78.2

    2014 doi

  32. [40]

    M. T. Birch, L. Powalla, S. Wintz, O. Hovorka, K. Litzius, J. C. Loudon, L. A. Turnbull, V. Nehruji, K. Son, C. Bubeck, T. G. Rauch, M. Weigand, E. Goering, M. Burghard, G. Schütz, History- dependent domain and skyrmion formation in 2D van der Waals magnet Fe3GeTe2, Nat. Commu...

    2022 doi

  33. [41]

    Yang, C.-C

    H.-H. Yang, C.-C. Hsu, W.-C. Lin, Y. Hasegawa, Robust perpendicular magnetization of Co nano- magnets against alloy composition, Phys. Rev. B, 104 (2021), 035422. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.104.035422

    2021 doi

  34. [42]

    Chang, Y.-Y

    P.-C. Chang, Y.-Y. Chang, W.-H. Wang, F.-Y. Lo, W.-C. Lin, Visualizing hydrogen diffusion in magneticfilmthroughmagneto-opticalKerreffect, Commun. Chem., 2 (2019), 89. DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0189-1

    2019 doi

  35. [43]

    Wang, C.-Y

    W.-H. Wang, C.-Y. Pan, C.-M. Liu, W.-C. Lin, P.- H. Jiang, Chirality-Induced Noncollinear Magneti- zation and Asymmetric Domain-Wall Propagation in Hydrogenated CoPd Thin Films, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 14 (2022), pp. 20151–20158. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23276 12

    2022 doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 1, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.