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The Exponential Capacity of Dense Associative Memories

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arxiv 2304.14964 v4 pith:E7X3P7IA submitted 2023-04-28 cond-mat.dis-nn cs.ITmath.IT

The Exponential Capacity of Dense Associative Memories

classification cond-mat.dis-nn cs.ITmath.IT
keywords alphapatternsassociativecapacitymemoriesnumberpatternable
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Recent generalizations of the Hopfield model of associative memories are able to store a number $P$ of random patterns that grows exponentially with the number $N$ of neurons, $P=\exp(\alpha N)$. Besides the huge storage capacity, another interesting feature of these networks is their connection to the attention mechanism which is part of the Transformer architectures widely applied in deep learning. In this work, we study a generic family of pattern ensembles using a statistical mechanics analysis which gives exact asymptotic thresholds for the retrieval of a typical pattern, $\alpha_1$, and lower bounds for the maximum of the load $\alpha$ for which all patterns can be retrieved, $\alpha_c$, as well as sizes of attraction basins. We discuss in detail the cases of Gaussian and spherical patterns, and show that they display rich and qualitatively different phase diagrams.

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