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Manifestly gauge invariant QED

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arxiv hep-th/0505169 v3 pith:EBSE2IZE submitted 2005-05-18 hep-th

Manifestly gauge invariant QED

classification hep-th
keywords gaugecalculationfixingmanifestlymethodwithoutachievingalmost
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We uncover a method of calculation that proceeds at every step without fixing the gauge or specifying details of the regularisation scheme. Results are obtained by iterated use of integration by parts and gauge invariance identities. Calculations can be performed almost entirely diagrammatically. The method is formulated within the framework of an exact renormalisation group for QED. We demonstrate the technique with a calculation of the one-loop beta function, achieving a manifestly universal result, and without gauge fixing.

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  1. Hard cutoff and gauge theories

    hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A hard-cutoff scheme for scalar and fermionic QED is constructed that preserves gauge invariance and reproduces the standard Euler-Heisenberg effective action up to cutoff-suppressed periodic corrections.