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Non-linearities in cosmological bubble wall dynamics
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A precise modelling of the dynamics of bubbles nucleated during first-order phase transitions in the early Universe is pivotal for a quantitative determination of various cosmic relics, including the stochastic background of gravitational waves. The equation of motion of the bubble front is affected by the out-of-equilibrium distributions of particle species in the plasma which, in turn, are described by the corresponding Boltzmann equations. In this work we provide a solution to these equations by thoroughly incorporating the non-linearities arising from the population factors. Moreover, our methodology relies on a spectral decomposition that leverages the rotational properties of the collision integral within the Boltzmann equations. This novel approach allows for an efficient and robust computation of both the bubble speed and profile. We also refine our analysis by including the contributions from the electroweak gauge bosons. We find that their impact is dominated by the infrared modes and proves to be non-negligible, contrary to the naive expectations.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations
Scalar fluctuations produce a nonvanishing entropy discontinuity across an electroweak bubble wall even in the zero-friction limit, showing LTE-based wall velocity upper bounds cannot be saturated.
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In the inverted Type-I 2HDM, one-step and two-step strong first-order electroweak phase transitions live in largely separate parameter regions, and LISA-detectable gravitational wave signals come predominantly from th...
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Bubble wall dynamics from nonequilibrium quantum field theory
The conventional kinetic equation of motion for bubble walls is incomplete, missing a condensate self-energy term that produces additional friction from particle production, mixing, and transition radiation.
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Benchmarking wall velocities in cosmological phase transitions: Fluid Ansatz and WallGo
The fluid-Ansatz and WallGo methods agree for mild phase transitions but diverge by tens of percent for strong ones, where the semi-classical approximation itself may break down.
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Thermal Masses and Bubble-Wall Friction in Cosmological Phase Transitions
Including thermal masses in both the Boltzmann source and collision terms removes the infrared gauge-boson enhancement, making W-boson friction subleading in the singlet-extended Standard Model.
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Probing Flavour Deconstruction via Primordial Gravitational Waves
Flavour deconstruction phase transitions can generate detectable gravitational waves, but their spectra typically peak above the millihertz range, making LISA detection possible yet not guaranteed.
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Electroweak Phase Transition and Bubble Wall Velocity in Local Thermal Equilibrium
Bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium are computed for three BSM models and found to be nearly universal when expressed via the critical temperature and supercooling, with only deflagration solutions.
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The Discriminant Power of Bubble Wall Velocities: Gravitational Waves and Electroweak Baryogenesis
Using entropy conservation in local thermal equilibrium, the authors compute bubble wall velocities in singlet-extended models and find a near-universal relation between phase transition strength measures, with conseq...
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Investigating a strong first-order electroweak phase transition in the RxSM at future linear $e^+e^-$ colliders and LISA
In the RxSM, singlet-driven SFOEWPTs yield strong LISA GW signals with SM-like Higgs couplings, while doublet-driven ones yield large κ_λ deviations visible at ILC1000 but weak GWs.
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Machine Learning Left-Right Breaking from Gravitational Waves
An ML-guided scan combined with a high-precision effective field theory finds a small region of the minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model where the first parity-breaking phase transition yields gravitational waves detect...
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The Bubble Wall Velocity in Local Thermal Equilibrium and Energy Budget with Full Effective Potential
Using the full one-loop effective potential with the LTE approximation, the authors find that for xSM deflagration, bag-model gravitational wave peak predictions can differ by up to 48% in frequency and 90% in amplitu...
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Non-singular solutions to the Boltzmann equation with a fluid Ansatz
By letting the plasma background temperature and velocity vary with position, the authors remove the singularity that plagued previous fluid Ansatz calculations of bubble wall friction.
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Perturbative gravitational wave predictions for the real-scalar extended Standard Model
At next-to-next-to-leading order, gravitational wave predictions for the real-scalar singlet extension of the Standard Model appear to converge for typical parameters, but break down for the strongest, observable signals.
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