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N-enhancement in GN-z11: First evidence for supermassive stars nucleosynthesis in proto-globular clusters-like conditions at high redshift ?
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abstract
Unusually high N/O abundance ratios were recently reported for a very compact, intensively star-forming object GN-z11 at $z=10.6$ from JWST/NIRSpec observations. We present an empirical comparison with the C, N, and O abundance ratios in Galactic globular clusters (GCs) over a large metallicity range. We show that hot hydrogen-burning nucleosynthesis within supermassive stars (SMS) formed through runaway collisions can consistently explain the observed abundances ratio in GN-z11 and in GCs. This suggests that a proto-globular cluster hosting a SMS could be at the origin of the strong N-enrichment in GN-z11. Our model predicts the behavior of N/O, C/O, and Ne/O ratios as a function of metallicity, which can be tested if high-$z$ objects similar to GN-z11 are detected with JWST in the future. Further studies and statistics will help differentiate the proto-GC scenario from the Wolf-Rayet scenario that we quantify with a population synthesis model, and shed more light on this peculiar object.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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SPURS: Massive Stars, Dense Gas, and Ly$\alpha$ Escape in GN-z11 at $z = 10.6$
GN-z11's rest-UV spectrum shows young massive stars with very massive star winds, dense gas, and a broad red Ly alpha wing that may help Ly alpha escape the largely neutral early universe.
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Unveiling and Characterising Ubiquitous Nitrogen Enhancement in $6 \leq z \leq 10$ Galaxies with JWST Spectroscopy
Stacked JWST/NIRSpec spectra of 135 z=6-10 galaxies show supersolar N/O that is highest after a star-formation lull, consistent with delayed AGB enrichment and pristine gas inflows.
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A universal chromosome map for globular clusters: chemical calibration and environmental regulation of the multiple populations
A new photometric index of globular-cluster chemical enrichment, corrected for metallicity, correlates most strongly with orbital confinement, suggesting an environmental imprint on multiple-population formation.
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Bright Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn: A Cloud-Scale Star Formation Model Unifying Variable SFE, IMFs, and Stochasticity
A cloud-based semi-analytic model shows that a top-heavy stellar initial mass function and a cloud-property-dependent star-formation efficiency, rather than cloud mass or density, most strongly shape the UV luminosity...
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Red, hot, and very metal poor: extreme properties of a massive accreting black hole in the first 500 Myr
A compact galaxy at z=8.63 hosts a 100-million-solar-mass accreting black hole with broad H-beta, high-ionization UV lines, and very low metallicity.
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