Pith. sign in

REVIEW 6 cited by

Dichotomy of Early and Late Phase Implicit Biases Can Provably Induce Grokking

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2311.18817 v2 pith:F6WDPDUZ submitted 2023-11-30 cs.LG cs.AI

classification cs.LGcs.AI
keywords trainingaccuracygrokkingtestbiasesdichotomyearlyimplicit
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
0 comments
read the original abstract

Recent work by Power et al. (2022) highlighted a surprising "grokking" phenomenon in learning arithmetic tasks: a neural net first "memorizes" the training set, resulting in perfect training accuracy but near-random test accuracy, and after training for sufficiently longer, it suddenly transitions to perfect test accuracy. This paper studies the grokking phenomenon in theoretical setups and shows that it can be induced by a dichotomy of early and late phase implicit biases. Specifically, when training homogeneous neural nets with large initialization and small weight decay on both classification and regression tasks, we prove that the training process gets trapped at a solution corresponding to a kernel predictor for a long time, and then a very sharp transition to min-norm/max-margin predictors occurs, leading to a dramatic change in test accuracy.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Learning words in groups: fusion algebras, tensor ranks and grokking

    cs.LG 2025-09 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

    Group word operations can be learned by small two-layer networks because the associated word tensor has low rank, decomposable through the fusion algebra of the group's self-conjugate representations.

  2. Decomposing Prediction Mechanisms for In-Context Recall

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In a toy in-context recall task, label-based task initiation and observation-based continuation are distinct mechanisms with separate emergence times, and the same first-token versus second-token gap appears in an OLM...

  3. Grokking Beyond the Euclidean Norm of Model Parameters

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Grokking is induced by any small nonzero regularizer whose favored solutions generalize, with a delay that scales like one over the learning rate times the regularization strength.

  4. Uncovering a Universal Abstract Algorithm for Modular Addition in Neural Networks

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Trained MLPs and transformers solving modular addition can be unified under an approximate Chinese Remainder Theorem, and deep or embedding-based networks learn only O(log n) frequency features.

  5. Mechanistic Insights into Grokking from the Embedding Layer

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Trainable embeddings in a simple MLP cause delayed generalization (grokking) on modular arithmetic, and a higher embedding learning rate plus balanced sampling accelerates it.

  6. Feature learning is decoupled from generalization in high capacity neural networks

    cs.LG 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Current feature learning measures quantify the magnitude of representation change, which the authors argue is decoupled from the generalization benefit that neural networks show over their neural tangent kernel.

Pith tools