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Efficient Prompting Methods for Large Language Models: A Survey

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arxiv 2404.01077 v2 pith:FDAX7OB7 submitted 2024-04-01 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords languagepromptpromptingefficientlargemethodsmodelsadapting
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Prompting is a mainstream paradigm for adapting large language models to specific natural language processing tasks without modifying internal parameters. Therefore, detailed supplementary knowledge needs to be integrated into external prompts, which inevitably brings extra human efforts and computational burdens for practical applications. As an effective solution to mitigate resource consumption, Efficient Prompting Methods have attracted a wide range of attention. We provide mathematical expressions at a high level to deeply discuss Automatic Prompt Engineering for different prompt components and Prompt Compression in continuous and discrete spaces. Finally, we highlight promising future directions to inspire researchers interested in this field.

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Knowing How to Edit: Reliable Evaluation Signals for Diagnosing and Optimizing Prompts at Query Level

    cs.AI 2025-11 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    An execution-free evaluator that predicts prompt-quality metrics guides per-query prompt rewriting, but the reported consistent gains are not supported by the paper's own tables.

  2. A Modular Taxonomy for Hate Speech Definitions and Its Impact on Zero-Shot LLM Classification Performance

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A taxonomy of 14 hate speech definition components plus evidence that zero-shot LLM hate speech classification is sensitive to which definition is inserted into the prompt, with model-dependent effects.

  3. Improved Representation Steering for Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RePS, a reference-free bidirectional preference optimization objective, improves representation steering and suppression for Gemma models, outperforming language-modeling objectives and approaching prompting performance.

  4. Beyond Hard and Soft: Hybrid Context Compression for Balancing Local and Global Information Retention

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    HyCo2 combines soft global compression with hard local token selection, reporting QA performance near uncompressed retrieval while cutting context tokens by about 88.8%.

  5. Towards Efficient and Robust Linguistic Emotion Diagnosis for Mental Health via Multi-Agent Instruction Refinement

    cs.AI 2026-01 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A multi-agent prompt-rewriting loop is claimed to improve LLM emotion diagnosis accuracy, but its evaluation appears to optimize on the test set and lacks replication details.

  6. Step-level Verifier-guided Hybrid Test-Time Scaling for Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    A step-level verifier-guided hybrid of Best-of-N sampling, Monte Carlo tree search, and conditional self-refinement improves reasoning in small instruction-tuned LLMs, claiming up to 28.6-point gains.

  7. SI-Agent: An Agentic Framework for Feedback-Driven Generation and Tuning of Human-Readable System Instructions for Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    The paper proposes a multi-agent loop (instructor, follower, feedback) to auto-generate human-readable system prompts, claiming good benchmark performance and readability, but the supporting experiments are not reprod...

  8. MAARTA:Multi-Agentic Adaptive Radiology Teaching Assistant

    cs.CY 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    MAARTA, a multi-agent LLM framework comparing expert and student gaze graphs, reports higher accuracy than single-agent baselines on simulated perceptual errors in chest X-ray interpretation.

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