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Doping a Mott Insulator: Physics of High Temperature Superconductivity
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This article reviews the effort to understand the physics of high temperature superconductors from the point of view of doping a Mott insulator. The basic electronic structure of the cuprates is reviewed, emphasizing the physics of strong correlation and establishing the model of a doped Mott insulator as a starting point. A variety of experiments are discussed, focusing on the region of the phase diagram close to the Mott insulator (the underdoped region) where the behavior is most anomalous. We introduce Anderson's idea of the resonating valence bond (RVB) and argue that it gives a qualitative account of the data. The importance of phase fluctuation is discussed, leading to a theory of the transition temperature which is driven by phase fluctuation and thermal excitation of quasiparticles. We then describe the numerical method of projected wavefunction which turns out to be a very useful technique to implement the strong correlation constraint, and leads to a number of predictions which are in agreement with experiments. The remainder of the paper deals with an analytic treatment of the t-J model, with the goal of putting the RVB idea on a more formal footing. The slave-boson is introduced to enforce the constraint of no double occupation. The implementation of the local constraint leads naturally to gauge theories. We give a rather thorough discussion of the role of gauge theory in describing the spin liquid phase of the undoped Mott insulator. We next describe the extension of the SU(2) formulation to nonzero doping. We show that inclusion of gauge fluctuation provides a reasonable description of the pseudogap phase.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Deconfined criticality between an antiferromagnetic insulator and a nodal d-wave superconductor: a quantum Monte Carlo study
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Topological superconductivity from Abelian fractional Chern insulators
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Lectures on insulating and conducting quantum spin liquids
The notes argue that the FL* state — small pockets plus a quantized spin-liquid anomaly — resolves the ADMR pocket and v_F >> v_Delta problems that defeated holon-metal and plain fermionic-parton theories of the cuprates.
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Fractionalized Fermi liquids and the cuprate phase diagram
Reviews the FL* theory for cuprates using ancilla layer models and SU(2) gauge theories to explain pseudogap hole pockets of area p/8, Fermi arcs, and transitions to d-wave superconductivity and Fermi liquid behavior.
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The foot, the fan, and the cuprate phase diagram: Fermi-volume-changing quantum phase transitions
The paper attributes the cuprate 'foot' to a disordered spin-density-wave transition and the 'fan' to a disorder-tuned FL-to-FL* Fermi-volume-changing transition described by a two-dimensional Yukawa-SYK model.
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