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Learning to Efficiently Sample from Diffusion Probabilistic Models

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arxiv 2106.03802 v1 pith:FSKMAL4P submitted 2021-06-07 cs.LG

Learning to Efficiently Sample from Diffusion Probabilistic Models

classification cs.LG
keywords timeddpmsmodelsstepsgenerationsampleschedulesspeed
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have emerged as a powerful family of generative models that can yield high-fidelity samples and competitive log-likelihoods across a range of domains, including image and speech synthesis. Key advantages of DDPMs include ease of training, in contrast to generative adversarial networks, and speed of generation, in contrast to autoregressive models. However, DDPMs typically require hundreds-to-thousands of steps to generate a high fidelity sample, making them prohibitively expensive for high dimensional problems. Fortunately, DDPMs allow trading generation speed for sample quality through adjusting the number of refinement steps as a post process. Prior work has been successful in improving generation speed through handcrafting the time schedule by trial and error. We instead view the selection of the inference time schedules as an optimization problem, and introduce an exact dynamic programming algorithm that finds the optimal discrete time schedules for any pre-trained DDPM. Our method exploits the fact that ELBO can be decomposed into separate KL terms, and given any computation budget, discovers the time schedule that maximizes the training ELBO exactly. Our method is efficient, has no hyper-parameters of its own, and can be applied to any pre-trained DDPM with no retraining. We discover inference time schedules requiring as few as 32 refinement steps, while sacrificing less than 0.1 bits per dimension compared to the default 4,000 steps used on ImageNet 64x64 [Ho et al., 2020; Nichol and Dhariwal, 2021].

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. D2PO: Optimizing Diffusion Samplers via Dynamic Preference

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    D2PO learns better low-NFE diffusion timestep schedules and CFG weights via DPO on a score-based energy with a dynamic denser-schedule preference target.

  2. Latent Consistency Models: Synthesizing High-Resolution Images with Few-Step Inference

    cs.CV 2023-10 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Latent Consistency Models enable high-fidelity text-to-image generation in 2-4 steps by directly predicting solutions to the probability flow ODE in latent space, distilled from pre-trained LDMs.

  3. Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Models

    cs.CV 2022-06 accept novelty 7.0

    Organizing diffusion model design choices yields SOTA FID of 1.79 on CIFAR-10 with only 35 network evaluations per image and similar gains on ImageNet-64.

  4. Progressive Distillation for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models

    cs.LG 2022-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Progressive distillation halves sampling steps repeatedly in diffusion models, reaching 4 steps with FID 3.0 on CIFAR-10 from 8192-step samplers.

  5. Hierarchical Schedule Optimization for Fast and Robust Diffusion Model Sampling

    cs.LG 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HSO is a bi-level optimization method with Midpoint Error Proxy and Spacing-Penalized Fitness that finds robust timestep schedules for low-NFE diffusion sampling and reports SOTA FID scores such as 11.94 at NFE=5.

  6. 2ndMatch: Finetuning Pruned Diffusion Models via Second-Order Jacobian Matching

    cs.GR 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    2ndMatch finetunes pruned diffusion models via second-order Jacobian matching inspired by Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents to reduce the quality gap with dense models on image generation tasks.

  7. Sharpen Your Flow: Sharpness-Aware Sampling for Flow Matching

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    SharpEuler estimates a sharpness profile via finite differences on calibration trajectories, smooths it, and applies a quantile transform to generate adaptive timestep grids that improve Euler sampling quality in flow...