Postmodern Fermi Liquids

We present, in this dissertation, a pedagogical review of the formalism for Fermi liquids developed in [Delacretaz et al., arXiv:220305004] that exploits an underlying algebro-geometric structure described by the group of canonical transformations of a single particle phase space. This infinite-dimensional group governs the space of states of zero temperature Fermi liquids and thereby allows us to write down a nonlinear, bosonized action that reproduces Landau's kinetic theory in the classical limit. Upon quantizing, we obtain a systematic effective field theory as an expansion in nonlinear and higher derivative corrections suppressed by the Fermi momentum $p_F$, without the need to introduce artificial momentum scales through, e.g., decomposition of the Fermi surface into patches. We find that Fermi liquid theory can essentially be thought of as a non-trivial representation of the Lie group of canonical transformations, bringing it within the fold of effective theories in many-body physics whose structure is determined by symmetries. We survey the benefits and limitations of this geometric formalism in the context of scaling, diagrammatic calculations, scattering and interactions, coupling to background gauge fields, etc. After setting up a path to extending this formalism to include superconducting and magnetic phases, as well as applications to the problem of non-Fermi liquids, we conclude with a discussion on possible future directions for Fermi surface physics, and more broadly, the usefulness of diffeomorphism groups in condensed matter physics. Unlike [Delacretaz et al., arXiv:220305004], we present a microscopic perspective on this formalism, motivated by the closure of the algebra of bilocal fermion bilinears and the consequences of this fact for finite density states of interacting fermions.