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A strike of luck: could the KM3-230213A event be caused by an evaporating primordial black hole?
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A strike of luck: could the KM3-230213A event be caused by an evaporating primordial black hole?
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We investigate whether the ultra high energy neutrino inferred by the recent KM3NeT observation could have originated from an evaporating black hole. Given the characteristics of black hole (BH) evaporation mechanism, any object capable of producing particles in the energy range of the detected event (around 100-800 PeV) must have a mass below 10^7 g. No known astrophysical mechanism can generate black holes of such low mass, leaving primordial black holes (PBHs)-potentially formed at the end of cosmic inflation-as the only viable candidates. Black holes with masses below 10^7 g have lifetimes shorter than 10^-5 seconds, meaning PBHs in this mass range should have fully evaporated by now. However, recent studies suggest that quantum effects, collectively referred to as the "memory burden", may slow down black hole evaporation, potentially extending the lifetimes of low-mass PBHs to timescales comparable to or exceeding the Hubble time. We systematically explore the parameter space of memory-burdened PBHs, assuming that they constitute a fraction of the dark matter (f-PBH) within current constraints, and identify viable regions that could explain the KM3-230213A event. We further predict the occurrence rate of similar events and find that KM3NeT's current configuration could test this scenario within a few years.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Black Hole Memory Burden and its Signatures in Gravitational Waves from Mergers
Swift memory burden shifts black-hole quasinormal-mode frequencies by an amount set by the memory-load parameter μ and critical exponent p, with μ able to exceed the progenitor's information content.
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Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
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High-energy neutrino constraints on primordial black holes as dark matter
High-energy neutrino telescopes constrain sub-asteroid mass primordial black holes with extended mass functions as dark matter, yielding limits slightly weaker than but independent of gamma-ray bounds.
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Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System
Calculations show AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU of Earth while HAWC and LHAASO could see explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future 1000 AU bursts potentially yielding measurable EM signals unlike the...
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Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System
Calculations indicate AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU while HAWC and LHAASO could observe explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future events at ~1000 AU potentially producing measurable electromagnetic s...
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Memory burden effect of regular primordial black holes
Combining regular black hole metrics with memory burden suppresses evaporation and opens a 10^6-10^8 g PBH mass window that can comprise all dark matter.
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The Sensitivity of PUEO to Cosmogenic Neutrinos and Exotic Physics Scenarios
PUEO will constrain the proton fraction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays under strong source evolution and set leading neutrino constraints on ultraheavy dark matter decays and some cosmic string models above 10^19 eV.
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Testing Heavy Dark Matter Decay as the Origin of KM3-230213A
Assuming the KM3-230213A event comes from heavy dark matter decay, the preferred mass exceeds 100 PeV at 95% CL with lifetimes of 10^26-10^27 s, but these regions conflict with bounds from other neutrino telescopes an...
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Primordial Black Holes Evaporating before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
PBHs must exceed 10^9 g to affect BBN observables, yielding beta upper limits from 10^{-17} to 10^{-19} for masses 10^9-10^10 g, with public code provided.
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