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Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

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arxiv 2112.11168 v1 pith:GGMRZJWK submitted 2021-12-21 gr-qc astro-ph.HEhep-th

Laura Sberna , Pablo Bosch , William E. East , Stephen R. Green , Luis Lehner This is my paper
classification gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-th
keywords blackholemodeeffectnonlinearringdownabsorption-inducedaime
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Gravitational-wave observations of black hole ringdowns are commonly used to characterize binary merger remnants and to test general relativity. These analyses assume linear black hole perturbation theory, in particular that the ringdown can be described in terms of quasinormal modes even for times approaching the merger. Here we investigate a nonlinear effect during the ringdown, namely how a mode excited at early times can excite additional modes as it is absorbed by the black hole. This is a third-order secular effect: the change in the black-hole mass causes a shift in the mode spectrum, so that the original mode is projected onto the new ones. Using nonlinear simulations, we study the ringdown of a spherically-symmetric scalar field around an asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole, and we find that this "absorption-induced mode excitation" (AIME) is the dominant nonlinear effect. We show that this effect takes place well within the nonadiabatic regime, so we can analytically estimate it using a sudden mass-change approximation. Adapting our estimation technique to asymptotically-flat Schwarzschild black holes, we expect AIME to play a role in the analysis and interpretation of current and future gravitational wave observations.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

    gr-qc 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Merger gravitational wave signals contain a 'direct wave' from the plunging companions, screened by the remnant's potential, with frequency near the superradiant value for high-spin remnants and SNR above 10 in GW1509...

  2. Perturbations of Plane Waves and Quadratic Quasinormal Modes on the Lightring

    gr-qc 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Second-order gravitational perturbations on plane waves are solved with a GHP master equation and tensor harmonics, yielding quadratic quasinormal mode ratios and selection rules.

  3. Constraining deviations from the Teukolsky equation with GW250114

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    GW250114's fundamental ringdown mode bounds theory-agnostic deviations from the Teukolsky equation to be consistent with zero at characteristic scales of 60-100 km.

  4. The AdS Perspective on the Nonlinear Tails in Black Hole Ringdown

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The known t^{-(2L+2)} nonlinear ringdown tail is rederived via AdS2 x S2, with a proposed but incorrectly normalized Aretakis amplitude relation.

  5. The Nonlinear Tails in Black Hole Ringdown: the Scattering Perspective

    gr-qc 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Nonlinear ringdown tails in the transverse-traceless gauge decay as t^{-(2ℓ+1)}, and this paper rederives that law from in-in scattering diagrams.

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