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Bubbletrons: Ultrahigh-Energy Particle Collisions and Heavy Dark Matter at Phase Transitions

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arxiv 2306.15555 v2 pith:GND3MUE2 submitted 2023-06-27 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Bubbletrons: Ultrahigh-Energy Particle Collisions and Heavy Dark Matter at Phase Transitions

classification hep-ph astro-ph.CO
keywords bubbletronscollisionsdarkmatterparticlephasetransitionsultra-high-energy
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We initiate the study of `bubbletrons', by which we mean ultra-high-energy collisions of the particle shells that generically form at the walls of relativistic bubbles in cosmological first-order phase transitions (PT). As an application, we calculate the maximal dark matter mass $M_{DM}$ that bubbletrons can produce in a $U(1)$ gauge PT, finding $M_{DM} \sim 10^5/10^{11}/10^{15}$ GeV for PT scales $v_\phi \sim 10^{-2}/10^3/10^9$ GeV. Bubbletrons realise a novel link between ultra-high-energy phenomena and gravitational waves (GW) sourced at the PT, from nanohertz to megahertz frequencies.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  2. Particle Production via Rippled Bubble Walls

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A rippled bubble wall produces heavy particles resonantly when the momentum transfer matches the ripple frequency, potentially raising dark-matter abundance by orders of magnitude.

  3. Do primordial quark pellets solve the dark matter puzzle?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Hot quark mini-stars of mass up to ~0.01 solar masses, seeded by rare baryon overdensities at T~1 GeV, can account for dark matter without spoiling BBN if they form rarely enough.

  4. Dynamical evolution of the pressure on the bubble wall

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.

  5. Electroweak First-Order Phase Transition Triggered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Symmetric Spectator Scalar

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational w...

  6. Dark Matter Production from Bubble Collisions during a First-Order Phase Transition at the End of Inflation

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition at the end of inflation can generate the observed dark matter abundance in a restricted region of parameter space via direct production and spectator decays.

  7. Probing radiative electroweak symmetry breaking with colliders and gravitational waves

    hep-ph 2024-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Radiative electroweak symmetry breaking with a logarithmic potential yields analytical vacuum solutions, four thermal history patterns, and supercooled FOPT gravitational waves whose signals combined with collider dat...