pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.30224 · v1 · pith:GYPD7JX5new · submitted 2026-06-29 · 🌌 astro-ph.CO

Cosmology with Multi-Wavelength Line Intensity Mapping Synergies in the SKAO Era

Debanjan Sarkar , Suman Majumdar , Chandra Shekhar Murmu , Leon Noble , Manas Mohit Dosibhatla , Vishrut Pandya , Jos\'e Luis Bernal , Yashrajsinh Mahida
show 16 more authors
Mohd Kamran Caroline S. Heneka Anshuman Tripathi Samit Kumar Pal Gabriella De Lucia Fabio Fontanot Matteo Viel Marta Spinelli Parth Kothari Sarah Libanore Abinash Kumar Shaw Martin Sahlen Jos\'e Fonseca Abhirup Datta Ziad Sakr Wenkai Hu
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-30 05:09 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.CO
keywords line intensity mappingcross-correlationcosmologylarge-scale structuregalaxy evolutionspectral linesmulti-wavelength
0
0 comments X

The pith

Cross-correlating intensity maps from different spectral lines mitigates systematics and improves measurements of the universe's large-scale structure.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper argues that combining line intensity mapping observations across multiple wavelengths through cross-correlations allows better probing of cosmic structure while reducing the impact of unrelated noise sources. A sympathetic reader would care because this approach could help separate signals from the overall matter distribution from those tied to how galaxies form and evolve. Multi-line studies further enable distinguishing between cosmological parameters and astrophysical effects. The work reviews opportunities from overlapping surveys that target the same cosmic volumes.

Core claim

The central claim is that cross-correlations between radio line maps and maps of other lines like [CII] or CO reduce uncorrelated systematics and enhance sensitivity to the matter distribution, while multi-line analyses disentangle cosmological and astrophysical parameters. Higher-order statistics such as cross-bispectra capture non-Gaussian features and environmental dependence.

What carries the argument

Cross-correlation of multi-wavelength line intensity maps, which works by suppressing signals unique to each tracer while preserving the common matter distribution imprint.

If this is right

  • Joint analyses unlock new insights into galaxy evolution and cosmology.
  • Marked correlations and morphological measures reveal environmental dependence of structure formation.
  • Multi-line data help separate parameters related to the universe's expansion from those describing star formation.
  • These synergies apply across cosmic time from the epoch of reionization to lower redshifts.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If overlapping volumes are confirmed, this could lead to tighter bounds on dark energy models through combined probes.
  • Extending to other statistics might reveal biases in single-tracer analyses that current models miss.
  • Future surveys could prioritize wavelength coverage to maximize these cross-correlations.

Load-bearing premise

Different line mapping experiments will cover enough of the same regions of space and their measurement errors will not share common sources.

What would settle it

A measurement showing that cross-power spectra between lines do not improve constraints beyond individual maps or that error correlations are high would undermine the claimed benefits.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.30224 by Abhirup Datta, Abinash Kumar Shaw, Anshuman Tripathi, Caroline S. Heneka, Chandra Shekhar Murmu, Debanjan Sarkar, Fabio Fontanot, Gabriella De Lucia, Jos\'e Fonseca, Jos\'e Luis Bernal, Leon Noble, Manas Mohit Dosibhatla, Marta Spinelli, Martin Sahlen, Matteo Viel, Mohd Kamran, Parth Kothari, Samit Kumar Pal, Sarah Libanore, Suman Majumdar, Vishrut Pandya, Wenkai Hu, Yashrajsinh Mahida, Ziad Sakr.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Left: The longitudinal (𝑘 ∥ ) and transverse (𝑘⊥) Fourier mode coverage of various LIM surveys. The numbers are approximate, and the 𝑘⊥ values are calculated for a fixed redshift mentioned alongside the survey name. Spherically averaged 𝑘-values are indicated by dashed grey curves. The actual coverage on the 𝑘-plane may vary depending on the cuts applied to frequency channels, baselines or survey area. Rig… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Top panel: The 21-cm auto-bispectrum and 21-cm-galaxy cross-bispectrum for all unique 𝑘 − triangles for 𝑘1 = 0.61 Mpc−1 at 𝑧 = 0.99. Bottom panel: The signal-to-noise ratio of 21-cm auto bispectrum and 21-cm-galaxy cross-bispectrum for all unique 𝑘 − triangles for 𝑘1 = 0.61 Mpc−1 at 𝑧 = 0.99 with 200 hours of observations for SKA-Mid AA4 for each pointing and Euclid-like galaxy redshift survey. 14 [PITH_F… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Diagnostics for evaluating the validity of the B19 estimator at redshift 𝑧 = 1, using a set of four tracers: (A) 21-cm, (B) [CII]–158 𝜇m, (C) [NII]–205 𝜇m, and (D) [CI]–371 𝜇m. The left panel shows the Q estimator as a function of 𝑘 for two combinations of cross correlations, (𝑃AB𝑃CD)/(𝑃AC𝑃BD) (solid sky-blue line) and (𝑃AC𝑃BD)/(𝑃AD𝑃BC) (dashed magenta line). The right panel shows the B19-estimated 21-cm p… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Same as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Comparing the signal strength, at different 𝑘-modes, against the corresponding noise levels using Marked statistics designed to boost the signal strength at redshift 𝑧 = 1 with the standard cross signal power spectrum. Left panel-The dimensionless HI cross CO power spectrum of the signal and noise. Right panel-The dimensionless HI cross CO Marked power spectrum of the signal and noise. The shaded region co… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the 21-cm and CO(1 − 0) brightness temperature fluctuations at spatial resolution 𝛿𝑥 ≃ 1 Mpc in the overlapping redshift range where SKA-Mid and SKA Phase 2 can observe the 21-cm and CO(1−0) LIM signals, respectively. The noise estimates are made assuming Gaussian random thermal noise for 5000 hours per pointing of SKA-Mid observations and 100 hours per pointing of SKA Phase… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: shows the percolation curves for the galaxy density field and 21-cm and CO(1–0) intensity maps at 𝑧 = 1.41, simulated from the same underlying galaxy distribution. The FF and LCS values are computed after every iteration of the coarse-graining scheme mentioned in section 5.1. The three maps follow different percolation curves, despite tracing the same galaxy distribution. The LCS is therefore sensitive to … view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: shows the distribution of local dimensions of the galaxy density field and 21-cm and CO(1–0) intensity maps divided into bins of width 0.5. The maps have a spatial resolution of 𝛿𝑠 = 107.52 kHz, corresponding to a spectral resolution of 𝛿𝜈 = 107.52 kHz (channel-averaged spectral resolution of eight SKA-Mid channels). 0.0 0.5 1.0 3-11 Mpc Galaxy density 3-19 Mpc 0.0 0.5 1.0 3-11 Mpc 21-cm 3-19 Mpc 1.0 1.5 2… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Line intensity mapping (LIM) has emerged as a powerful tool for surveying the large-scale structure of the Universe across cosmic time by measuring spatial fluctuations in the cumulative emission of spectral lines from unresolved sources or the intergalactic medium. Besides the most abundant 21-cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen, there are bright far-infrared fine-structure lines like [CII] 158 $\mu$m, [OIII] 88 $\mu$m, [NII] 122/205 $\mu$m, and [OI] 63 $\mu$m, as well as mid-/high-$J$ CO rotational transitions, hydrogen Ly$\alpha$ and H$\alpha$ as potential LIM probes. A key opportunity lies in combining and cross-correlating 21-cm intensity maps from SKAO with other line intensity maps, targeted by a range of ongoing and forthcoming LIM experiments that probe overlapping cosmic volumes. Cross-correlation between 21-cm maps and other line tracers mitigates uncorrelated systematics and enhances sensitivity to the underlying matter distribution, while multi-line analyses help disentangle cosmological and astrophysical parameters. Beyond cross-power spectra, higher-order and morphological statistics -- such as cross-bispectra, marked correlations, and morphological measures -- capture non-Gaussian features and the environmental dependence of structure formation. This chapter explores the synergies that can be achieved by combining SKAO observations with other line-intensity mapping experiments, demonstrating how such joint analyses can unlock new insights into galaxy evolution and cosmology.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper claims that combining 21-cm intensity maps from SKAO with other line intensity mapping experiments (targeting [CII], [OIII], CO, Lyα, Hα etc.) offers significant synergies for cosmology and galaxy evolution. Specifically, cross-correlations mitigate uncorrelated systematics and boost sensitivity to the matter distribution, multi-line analyses disentangle parameters, and higher-order statistics like cross-bispectra capture non-Gaussian features. The work explores these opportunities in the context of overlapping cosmic volumes probed by ongoing and future LIM surveys.

Significance. This conceptual exploration of multi-wavelength LIM synergies could be significant for guiding observational strategies if the key assumptions hold. It synthesizes the potential benefits of cross-correlations and multi-tracer approaches, which are increasingly relevant as multiple LIM experiments come online. The discussion of advanced statistics beyond two-point functions is a positive aspect. However, without new quantitative results, its contribution is primarily in framing the opportunities rather than demonstrating them.

major comments (2)
  1. Abstract: The assertion that cross-correlations 'mitigate uncorrelated systematics' is central to the claimed advantage, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative assessment or citation to simulations showing the expected improvement in signal-to-noise or parameter constraints under realistic conditions.
  2. Abstract: The feasibility hinges on 'overlapping cosmic volumes' and 'largely uncorrelated' systematics, but no specific redshift overlap analysis or discussion of potential correlated systematics (e.g., from foregrounds or instrument effects) is provided to support this.
minor comments (1)
  1. Consider adding a table listing the various spectral lines, their wavelengths, typical redshifts probed, and associated experiments to improve readability and reference.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive review and recognition of the conceptual value of exploring multi-wavelength LIM synergies. We address each major comment below and will make the indicated revisions.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Abstract: The assertion that cross-correlations 'mitigate uncorrelated systematics' is central to the claimed advantage, yet the manuscript provides no quantitative assessment or citation to simulations showing the expected improvement in signal-to-noise or parameter constraints under realistic conditions.

    Authors: The manuscript is a conceptual synthesis of opportunities rather than a quantitative analysis presenting new simulations. We agree that the abstract would be strengthened by explicit citations to existing literature that has quantified these benefits. In revision we will add references to relevant simulation studies on 21-cm cross-correlations with other LIM tracers demonstrating mitigation of uncorrelated systematics and improved parameter constraints. revision: yes

  2. Referee: Abstract: The feasibility hinges on 'overlapping cosmic volumes' and 'largely uncorrelated' systematics, but no specific redshift overlap analysis or discussion of potential correlated systematics (e.g., from foregrounds or instrument effects) is provided to support this.

    Authors: We acknowledge the value of greater specificity. While the paper assumes standard conditions of overlapping volumes and largely uncorrelated systematics (as is conventional in the LIM literature), we will revise to include a concise discussion of typical redshift overlaps between SKAO 21-cm and other LIM surveys (e.g., [CII], CO, Lyα) together with a brief note on possible correlated systematics such as residual foregrounds, with the understanding that detailed modeling lies outside the conceptual scope of this work. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; review paper with no derivations

full rationale

The manuscript is framed as a literature review and exploration of synergies between SKAO 21-cm LIM and other line tracers. The abstract and provided text contain no equations, no fitted parameters, no predictions derived from models, and no load-bearing derivations. Claims about cross-correlations mitigating systematics and multi-line analyses disentangling parameters are presented as conceptual opportunities whose validity is conditioned on explicitly stated external assumptions (volume overlap, uncorrelated systematics). No self-definitional steps, fitted inputs renamed as predictions, or self-citation chains appear in the text. This is a standard non-circular review outcome.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

As a review, the paper relies on standard domain assumptions from cosmology and LIM without introducing new free parameters or entities; assessment limited by abstract-only access.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption LIM experiments probe overlapping cosmic volumes
    Invoked for cross-correlation benefits in the abstract.
  • domain assumption Systematics in different spectral lines are largely uncorrelated
    Central to the mitigation claim in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5912 in / 1074 out tokens · 33004 ms · 2026-06-30T05:09:37.320097+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

218 extracted references · 182 canonical work pages · 27 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    Probing Reionization up to the Mark: The Marked Power Spectrum to unveil the HI 21-cm signal from the EoR

    Pandya, Vishrut and Noble, Leon and Majumdar, Suman and Sarkar, Debanjan and Kamran, Mohd and Datta, Abhirup. Probing Reionization up to the Mark: The Marked Power Spectrum to unveil the HI 21-cm signal from the EoR. 2026. arXiv:2605.18301

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2026

  2. [2]

    Probing the large-scale structure with 21cm-galaxy cross-bispectrum: Estimates from simulations and forecasts for upcoming cosmological surveys

    Noble, Leon and Majumdar, Suman and Viel, Matteo and Fontanot, Fabio and De Lucia, Gabriella and Shaw, Abinash Kumar and Spinelli, Marta and Kamran, Mohd and Xie, Lizhi and Hirschmann, Michaela. Probing the large-scale structure with 21cm-galaxy cross-bispectrum: Estimates from simulations and forecasts for upcoming cosmological surveys. 2026. arXiv:2604.15440

    Pith/arXiv arXiv 2026

  3. [7]

    Ingredients for 21cm intensity mapping

    Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco and others. Ingredients for 21 cm Intensity Mapping. Astrophys. J. 2018. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadba0. arXiv:1804.09180

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadba0 2018

  4. [8]

    Modelling the post-reionization neutral Hydrogen (\HI) bias

    Sarkar, Debanjan and Bharadwaj, Somnath and Anathpindika, S. Modelling the post-reionization neutral hydrogen (H i ) bias. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2016. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1111. arXiv:1605.02963

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1111 2016

  5. [10]

    Modelling redshift-space distortion in the post-reionization ${\rm HI}$ 21-cm power spectrum

    Sarkar, Debanjan and Bharadwaj, Somnath. Modelling redshift space distortion in the post-reionization H i 21-cm power spectrum. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2018. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty206. arXiv:1801.07868

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/sty206 2018

  6. [12]

    Redshift space distortions of the {\rm HI} 21-cm intensity mapping signal due to the internal motions within galaxies

    Sarkar, Debanjan and Bharadwaj, Somnath. Redshift-space distortions of the H i 21-cm intensity mapping signal due to the internal motions within galaxies. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2019. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1691. arXiv:1906.07032

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1691 2019

  7. [15]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Clues from Q --A null test designed for line intensity mapping cross-correlation studies. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2512.09984 , archivePrefix =. 2512.09984 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.09984

  8. [22]

    Semi-empirical approach to [CII] line intensity mapping

    Roy, Anirban and Lapi, Andrea. Semi-empirical approach to [CII] line intensity mapping. JCAP. 2025. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/010. arXiv:2407.19007

    work page doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/010 2025

  9. [23]

    Modelling the post-reionization neutral hydrogen ( HI ) 21-cm bispectrum

    Sarkar, Debanjan and Majumdar, Suman and Bharadwaj, Somnath. Modelling the post-reionization neutral hydrogen ( HI ) 21-cm bispectrum. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2019. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2799. arXiv:1907.01819

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2799 2019

  10. [24]

    2019 , eprint=

    Anticipated Performance of the Square Kilometre Array -- Phase 1 (SKA1) , author=. 2019 , eprint=

    2019

  11. [25]

    2015 , publisher=

    Advancing Astrophysics with the Square Kilometre Array (AASKA14) , author=. 2015 , publisher=

    2015

  12. [27]

    , keywords =

    Using the sample variance of 21 cm maps as a tracer of the ionisation topology. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140515 , archivePrefix =. 2102.04352 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140515

  13. [28]

    Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , volume=

    Measuring the global 21-cm signal with the MWA-II: improved characterisation of lunar-reflected radio frequency interference , author=. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , volume=. 2023 , publisher=

    2023

  14. [29]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Measuring the global 21-cm signal with the MWA-I: improved measurements of the Galactic synchrotron background using lunar occultation , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2018 , publisher=

    2018

  15. [30]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Chromatic effects in the 21 cm global signal from the cosmic dawn , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2014 , publisher=

    2014

  16. [31]

    , keywords =

    Wavelet-based statistics for enhanced 21cm EoR parameter constraints. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348444 , archivePrefix =. 2311.00036 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348444

  17. [32]

    Constraining the EoR model parameters with the 21cm bispectrum

    Constraining the epoch-of-reionization model parameters with the 21-cm bispectrum. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx530 , archivePrefix =. 1608.00372 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stx530

  18. [33]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    The impact of spin-temperature fluctuations on the 21-cm moments , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2015 , publisher=

    2015

  19. [34]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Distinguishing models of reionization using future radio observations of 21-cm 1-point statistics , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2014 , publisher=

    2014

  20. [35]

    Measuring the Redshift of Reionization with a Modest Array of Low-Frequency Dipoles

    Measuring the redshift of reionization with a modest array of low-frequency dipoles. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2011/04/038 , archivePrefix =. 1006.5460 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2011/04/038 2011

  21. [36]

    , keywords =

    Detection and extraction of signals from the epoch of reionization using higher-order one-point statistics. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14209.x , archivePrefix =. 0809.2428 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14209.x 2008

  22. [37]

    Sensitivity of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and its Build-out Stages to One-point Statistics from Redshifted 21 cm Observations

    Sensitivity of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and its build-out stages to one-point statistics from redshifted 21 cm observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3099 , archivePrefix =. 1708.00036 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3099

  23. [38]

    , keywords =

    Measurements of one-point statistics in 21-cm intensity maps via foreground avoidance strategy. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2826 , archivePrefix =. 2204.01124 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2826

  24. [39]

    J., Almaini, O., et al

    The difference PDF of 21-cm fluctuations: a powerful statistical tool for probing cosmic reionization. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12729.x , archivePrefix =. 0705.3246 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12729.x 2007

  25. [40]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =

    Bag, Satadru and Mondal, Rajesh and Sarkar, Prakash and Bharadwaj, Somnath and Sahni, Varun , title =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =. 2018 , doi =

    2018

  26. [41]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Efficient Simulations of Early Structure Formation and Reionization. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1086/521806 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/521806

  27. [42]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    The distribution of bubble sizes during reionization. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1542 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1542

  28. [43]

    S., & Brenneman, L

    21CMFAST: a fast, seminumerical simulation of the high-redshift 21-cm signal. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17731.x , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17731.x 2010

  29. [44]

    , eprint =

    Simulations and Analytic Calculations of Bubble Growth during Hydrogen Reionization. , eprint =. doi:10.1086/509597 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/509597

  30. [45]

    2006, MNRAS, 372, 1699, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10972.x

    Simulating cosmic reionization at large scales - I. The geometry of reionization. , eprint =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10502.x , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10502.x 2006

  31. [46]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Stages of Reionization as revealed by the Minkowski Functionals. arXiv e-prints , keywords =

  32. [47]

    2006, MNRAS, 372, 1699, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10972.x

    The morphology of cosmological reionization by means of Minkowski functionals. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10556.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0602616 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10556.x 2006

  33. [48]

    The Topology of Cosmological Reionization

    The Topology of Cosmological Reionization. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/525520 , archivePrefix =. 0708.2431 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/525520

  34. [49]

    and Zaroubi, Saleem and Chapman, Emma and Jelić, Vibor and Harker, Geraint and Abdalla, Filipe B

    Patil, Ajinkya H. and Zaroubi, Saleem and Chapman, Emma and Jelić, Vibor and Harker, Geraint and Abdalla, Filipe B. and Asad, Khan M. B. and Bernardi, Gianni and Brentjens, Michiel A. and de Bruyn, A. G. and Bus, Sander and Ciardi, Benedetta and Daiboo, Soobash and Fernandez, Elizabeth R. and Ghosh, Abhik and Jensen, Hannes and Kazemi, Sanaz and Koopmans,...

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1178 2014

  35. [50]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Simulating the impact of X-ray heating during the cosmic dawn , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2017 , publisher=

    2017

  36. [51]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Impact of dark matter models on the EoR 21-cm signal bispectrum , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2020 , publisher=

    2020

  37. [52]

    , keywords =

    Studying the morphology of reionization with the triangle correlation function of phases. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2195 , archivePrefix =. 1903.11402 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2195 1903

  38. [54]

    Probing Beyond the Epoch of Hydrogen Reionization with 21 Centimeter Radiation

    Probing beyond the Epoch of Hydrogen Reionization with 21 Centimeter Radiation. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/377634 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0303249 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/377634

  39. [55]

    2006, MNRAS, 372, 1699, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10972.x

    Simulating cosmic reionization at large scales - II. The 21-cm emission features and statistical signals. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10919.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0603518 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10919.x 2006

  40. [56]

    S., & Brenneman, L

    Gluscevic, Vera and Barkana, Rennan , title = ". , volume =. 2010 , month =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17293.x , url =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17293.x 2010

  41. [57]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    SKATR: A Self-Supervised Summary Transformer for SKA. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2410.18899 , archivePrefix =. 2410.18899 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.18899

  42. [58]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Optimal, fast, and robust inference of reionization-era cosmology with the 21cmPIE-INN. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2401.04174 , archivePrefix =. 2401.04174 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.04174

  43. [59]

    uggen, Marcus , title =

    Neutsch, Steffen and Heneka, Caroline and. Inferring astrophysics and dark matter properties from 21 cm tomography using deep learning. 2022. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac218. arXiv:2201.07587

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac218 2022

  44. [60]

    ML4Astro International Conference , pages=

    Deep Learning 21 cm Lightcones in 3D , author=. ML4Astro International Conference , pages=. 2022 , organization=. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2311.17553 , archivePrefix =. 2311.17553 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2311.17553 2022

  45. [61]

    The Astrophysical Journal , volume=

    The growth of H II regions during reionization , author=. The Astrophysical Journal , volume=. 2004 , publisher=

    2004

  46. [62]

    Physical Review D , volume=

    Halo model approach for the 21-cm power spectrum at cosmic dawn , author=. Physical Review D , volume=. 2021 , publisher=

    2021

  47. [63]

    Physical Review D , volume=

    Cosmological forecast of the 21-cm power spectrum with the halo model of reionization , author=. Physical Review D , volume=. 2023 , publisher=

    2023

  48. [64]

    Physical review D , volume=

    Imprints of fermionic and bosonic mixed dark matter on the 21-cm signal at cosmic dawn , author=. Physical review D , volume=. 2022 , publisher=

    2022

  49. [65]

    , keywords =

    Constraining cosmic reionization by combining the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich and the 21 cm power spectra. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae506 , archivePrefix =. 2312.04259 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae506

  50. [66]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    The EDGES measurement disfavors an excess radio background during the cosmic dawn. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.08134 , archivePrefix =. 2411.08134 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.08134

  51. [67]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    An effective model for the cosmic-dawn 21-cm signal , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2023 , publisher=

    2023

  52. [68]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    A galaxy-free phenomenological model for the 21-cm power spectrum during reionization , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2022 , publisher=

    2022

  53. [69]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Recovering the H II region size statistics from 21-cm tomography. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1568 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1568

  54. [70]

    , keywords =

    Optimal identification of H II regions during reionization in 21-cm observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1786 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1786

  55. [71]

    I: Formalism & Phenomenology

    Persistent topology of the reionisation bubble network. I: Formalism & Phenomenology. arXiv e-prints , keywords =

  56. [72]

    Evolution and classification

    Persistent topology of the reionization bubble network - II. Evolution and classification. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad120 , archivePrefix =. 2209.03948 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad120

  57. [73]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Bubble size statistics during reionization from 21-cm tomography. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2539 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2539

  58. [74]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Constraining the intergalactic medium at z≈ 9.1 using LOFAR Epoch of Reionization observations , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2020 , publisher=

    2020

  59. [75]

    The Astrophysical Journal , volume=

    Emulating simulations of cosmic dawn for 21 cm power spectrum constraints on cosmology, reionization, and x-ray heating , author=. The Astrophysical Journal , volume=. 2017 , publisher=

    2017

  60. [76]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Emulation of reionization simulations for Bayesian inference of astrophysics parameters using neural networks , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2018 , publisher=

    2018

  61. [77]

    Foreground contamination , author=

    Deep learning approach for identification of h ii regions during reionization in 21-cm observations--II. Foreground contamination , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2024 , publisher=

    2024

  62. [78]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Deep learning approach for identification of H II regions during reionization in 21-cm observations , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2021 , publisher=

    2021

  63. [79]

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=

    Analysing the 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization with artificial neural networks , author=. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume=. 2017 , publisher=

    2017

  64. [80]

    The LORELI database: 21 cm signal inference with 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations

    The LORELI database: 21 cm signal inference with 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347591 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347591

  65. [81]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Comparison of Bayesian inference methods using the Loreli II database of hydro-radiative simulations of the 21-cm signal. arXiv e-prints , keywords =

  66. [82]

    Simulation-based Inference of Reionization Parameters from 3D Tomographic 21 cm Light-cone Images

    Simulation-based Inference of Reionization Parameters from 3D Tomographic 21 cm Light-cone Images. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac457d , archivePrefix =. 2105.03344 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac457d

  67. [83]

    Simulation-based Inference of Reionization Parameters from 3D Tomographic 21 cm Light-cone Images. II. Application of Solid Harmonic Wavelet Scattering Transform. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad5ff0 , archivePrefix =. 2310.17602 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad5ff0

  68. [84]

    , keywords =

    Exploring the likelihood of the 21-cm power spectrum with simulation-based inference. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2027 , archivePrefix =. 2305.03074 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2027

  69. [85]

    A&A , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    Reionization by UV or X-ray sources. A&A , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014347 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014347

  70. [86]

    The simulated 21 cm signal during the epoch of reionization : full modeling of the Ly-alpha pumping

    The simulated 21 cm signal during the epoch of reionization: full modeling of the Ly- pumping. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810757 , archivePrefix =. 0808.0925 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810757

  71. [87]

    , keywords =

    Accurate modelling of the Lyman- coupling for the 21-cm signal, observability with NenuFAR, and SKA. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244722 , archivePrefix =. 2301.13178 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244722

  72. [88]

    , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =

    21SSD: a public data base of simulated 21-cm signals from the epoch of reionization. , archivePrefix = "arXiv", eprint =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2274 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2274

  73. [89]

    Automatic physical inference with information maximising neural networks

    Automatic physical inference with information maximizing neural networks. , keywords =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.083004 , archivePrefix =. 1802.03537 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.083004

  74. [90]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Combining summary statistics with simulation-based inference for the 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.14419 , archivePrefix =. 2411.14419 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.14419

  75. [91]

    , keywords =

    How informative are summaries of the cosmic 21 cm signal?. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449309 , archivePrefix =. 2401.12277 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449309

  76. [92]

    Expected constraints on models of the epoch of reionization with the variance and skewness in redshifted 21cm-line fluctuations

    Expected constraints on models of the epoch of reionization with the variance and skewness in redshifted 21 cm-line fluctuations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/psw059 , archivePrefix =. 1602.02873 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/pasj/psw059

  77. [94]

    C., Wilkins, D

    Datta, Kanan K. and Mellema, Garrelt and Mao, Yi and Iliev, Ilian T. and Shapiro, Paul R. and Ahn, Kyungjin , title =. MNRAS , volume =. 2012 , month =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21293.x , url =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21293.x 2012

  78. [95]

    MNRAS , volume =

    Mondal, Rajesh and Shaw, Abinash Kumar and Iliev, Ilian T and Bharadwaj, Somnath and Datta, Kanan K and Majumdar, Suman and Sarkar, Anjan K and Dixon, Keri L , title =. MNRAS , volume =. 2020 , month =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1026 , url =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1026 2020

  79. [96]

    MNRAS , volume =

    Shaw, Abinash Kumar and Ghara, Raghunath and Zaroubi, Saleem and Mondal, Rajesh and Mellema, Garrelt and Mertens, Florent and Koopmans, Léon V E and Semelin, Benoît , title =. MNRAS , volume =. 2023 , month =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1114 , url =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1114 2023

  80. [97]

    MNRAS , volume =

    Shaw, Abinash Kumar and Bharadwaj, Somnath and Mondal, Rajesh , title =. MNRAS , volume =. 2019 , month =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1561 , url =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1561 2019

Showing first 80 references.