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Cosmic-Ray Propagation Models Elucidate the Prospects for Antinuclei Detection

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arxiv 2404.13114 v1 pith:HJ72NY5I submitted 2024-04-19 astro-ph.HE hep-ph

classification astro-ph.HEhep-ph
keywords antinucleimodelscosmic-raydarkmatterams-02astrophysicalevents
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

Tentative observations of cosmic-ray antihelium by the AMS-02 collaboration have re-energized the quest to use antinuclei to search for physics beyond the standard model. However, our transition to a data-driven era requires more accurate models of the expected astrophysical antinuclei fluxes. We use a state-of-the-art cosmic-ray propagation model, fit to high-precision antiproton and cosmic-ray nuclei (B, Be, Li) data, to constrain the antinuclei flux from both astrophysical and dark matter annihilation models. We show that astrophysical sources are capable of producing $\mathcal{O}(1)$ antideuteron events and $\mathcal{O}(0.1)$ antihelium-3 events over 15~years of AMS-02 observations. Standard dark matter models could potentially produce higher levels of these antinuclei, but showing a different energy-dependence. Given the uncertainties in these models, dark matter annihilation is still the most promising candidate to explain preliminary AMS-02 results. Meanwhile, any robust detection of antihelium-4 events would require more novel dark matter model building or a new astrophisical production mechanism.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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    A two-state dark matter model with velocity-dependent upscattering can produce a Galactic Center gamma-ray signal while suppressing dwarf galaxy signals, breaking the usual correlation between the two.

  2. Toward universal coalescence models for antideuteron production

    hep-ph 2026-03 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Event-by-event coalescence models with a shared scale p_coal ≃ 0.2 GeV (or δ ≃ 1.7 fm) simultaneously fit ALICE pp (anti)deuteron spectra and ALEPH Z-decay antideuteron yields.

  3. Inelastic Antideutron Interaction with Nuclei

    hep-ph 2025-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An intranuclear cascade Monte Carlo generator reproduces measured inelastic antideuteron-nucleus cross sections above roughly 0.65 GeV/c and predicts multiplicities and stripping fractions for ALICE-like detector nuclei.

  4. Searching for dark matter annihilation in the Sun with the IceCube Upgrade

    hep-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Projected IceCube Upgrade sensitivity could set the strongest spin-dependent dark matter limits for masses from about 5 to 1700 GeV when dark matter annihilates to taus or neutrinos.

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