Colloquium: Gravitational Form Factors of the Proton
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The physics of the gravitational form factors of the proton, and their understanding within quantum chromodynamics, has advanced significantly in the past two decades through both theory and experiment. This Colloquium provides an overview of this progress, highlights the physical insights unveiled by studies of gravitational form factors, and reviews their interpretation in terms of the mechanical properties of the proton.
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Cited by 12 Pith papers
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Quasi Parton Distribution Functions in Covariant Quark Models
In gauge-free quark models, quasi-PDFs converge to PDFs with proven sum rules, and the Covariant Parton Model supplies closed-form small-x results that match a Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the quark energy-momen...
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Covariant Construction of Generalized Form Factors
A group-theoretic construction yields complete form factor bases for scalar, vector, and tensor operators on spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, with new P and T structures for higher spins and identification of a redundant...
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Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons
The quantum phase-space formalism derives transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons and reproduces standard light-front distributions including bad components in the infinite-momentum frame.
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Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton
Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.
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Renormalization-Group Invariant Parity-Doublet Model for Nuclear and Neutron-Star Matter
A renormalization-group invariant mean-field treatment of the Parity-Doublet Model is developed that consistently includes baryonic vacuum fluctuations and is used to study chiral symmetry restoration in two-flavor nu...
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Mapping the transverse spin sum rule in position space
Derives relativistic spatial distributions of transverse orbital angular momentum, intrinsic spin, and total angular momentum in the transverse plane for spin-0 and spin-1/2 targets via quantum phase-space formalism a...
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Relativistic energy-momentum tensor distributions in a polarized nucleon
Relativistic EMT distributions in polarized nucleons recover good and bad light-front components in the IMF after including polarization effects.
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Constraining DVCS Compton Form Factors Using Lattice QCD informed Neural Network
A neural network framework informed by lattice QCD uses all-order dispersion relations to significantly constrain both real and imaginary parts of Compton Form Factors extracted from DVCS proton data.
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Gravitational form factors of light mesons from Basis Light-Front Quantization
Gravitational form factors of pion and kaon are computed in BLFQ; A(Q^2) agrees with lattice QCD while D(Q^2) is enhanced at low Q^2 due to small-x and zero-mode sensitivity in the truncated model.
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Gluon Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton Confronted with Lattice Data II
Lattice fits to gluon gravitational form factors support the sigma meson as dilaton with new predictions for rho and delta, reinforcing evidence for scale symmetry in low-energy QCD.
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Mechanical distribution of the pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium on the light-front
Light-front quark model calculations with two Gaussian wave functions yield transverse mechanical distributions for pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium, showing a nodal pressure and positive force.
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Kinetic Mixing and Axial Charges in the Parity-Doublet Model
Kinetic mixing terms are introduced in the parity-doublet model to reproduce the empirical axial charge g_A ≈ 1.28 of the nucleon along with masses of the nucleon and N*(1535).
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