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arxiv: cond-mat/0211027 · v2 · pith:HTX5HY3Pnew · submitted 2002-11-04 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el · cond-mat.supr-con· hep-th

Understanding correlated electron systems by a classification of Mott insulators

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-conhep-th
keywords electronclassificationinsulatorsordersystemsarticlecorrelatedfractionalization
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This article surveys the physics of systems proximate to Mott insulators, and presents a classification using conventional and topological order parameters. This classification offers a valuable perspective on a variety of conducting correlated electron systems, from the cuprate superconductors to the heavy fermion compounds. Connections are drawn, and distinctions made, between collinear/non-collinear magnetic order, bond order, neutral spin 1/2 excitations in insulators, electron Fermi surfaces which violate Luttinger's theorem, fractionalization of the electron, and the fractionalization of bosonic collective modes. Two distinct categories of Z_2 gauge theories are used to describe the interplay of these orders. Experimental implications for the cuprates are briefly noted, but these appear in more detail in a companion review article (S. Sachdev, cond-mat/0211005).

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