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Bell inequalities and quantum entanglement in weak gauge bosons production at the LHC and future colliders

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arxiv 2302.00683 v3 pith:IG6IOAEI submitted 2023-02-01 hep-ph hep-exquant-ph

classification hep-phhep-exquant-ph
keywords belldi-bosoninequalitypolarizationproductionbosonscollidersdensity
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Quantum entanglement of weak interaction gauge bosons produced at colliders can be explored by computing the corresponding polarization density matrix. To this end, we consider the Higgs boson decays $H\to W W^*$ and $H\to Z Z^*$, in which $W^*$ and $Z^*$ are off-shell states, and the $WW$, $WZ$ and $ZZ$ di-boson production in proton collisions. The polarization density matrix of the di-boson state is determined by the amplitude of the production process and can be experimentally reconstructed from the angular distribution of the momenta of the final states into which the gauge bosons decay. We show that a suitable instance of the Bell inequality is violated in $H\to Z Z^*$ to a degree that can be tested at the LHC with future data. The same Bell inequality is violated in the production of $WW$ and $ZZ$ boson pairs for invariant masses above 900 GeV and scattering angles close to $\pi/2$ in the center of mass frame. LHC data in this case are not sufficient to establish the violation of the Bell inequality. We also analyze the prospects for detecting Bell inequality violations in di-boson final states at future $e^+e^-$ and muon colliders. A further observable that provides a lower bound on the amount of polarization entanglement in the di-boson system is computed for each of the examined processes. The analytic expressions for the polarization density matrices are presented in full in an Appendix. We also provide the unitary matrices required in the optimization procedure necessary in testing the Bell inequalities.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Qubit-qubit-qutrit quantum correlations in $H \to f \bar f V$

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In h→τ^-τ^+ Z decays, the spin state is genuinely qubit-qubit-qutrit entangled almost everywhere, violates Bell inequalities throughout, and carries up to 1.95 bits of non-local magic.

  2. Quantum Tomography and Entanglement in Semi-Leptonic $h\to VV^*$ Decays at Higher Orders

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Semi-leptonic h→VV* decays retain an effective two-qutrit quantum description under NLO QCD and electroweak corrections, unlike the fully leptonic h→4ℓ channel.

  3. Extracting a Toponium Signal at the LHC with Spin and Quantum Information Tools

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Spin and quantum-information observables add only marginal statistical power beyond kinematic variables for isolating toponium in near-threshold top-pair events, but improve interpretability.

  4. Parameter Inference from Final-State Entanglement in Higgs Decays

    hep-ph 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    With a spin/color-weighted entanglement entropy built from Higgs branching ratios, the Standard Model Higgs and W masses sit near the global maximum, and the preferred coupling ratio is SM-like.

  5. Spin versus Magic: Lessons from Gluon and Graviton Scattering

    hep-th 2025-08 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    For 2 to 2 scattering of massless spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, the averaged generated magic decreases monotonically with spin, with maxima well below the two-qubit upper bound.

  6. Quantum spin correlations in $Z^\prime$-mediated $t\bar{t}$ production at future lepton colliders

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Quantum spin observables of t-bar-t pairs at future lepton colliders can distinguish chiral U(1)_X Z′ charge assignments, and polarized e−e+ beams isolate left- vs right-handed lepton couplings.

  7. Colliders are Testing neither Locality via Bell's Inequality nor Entanglement versus Non-Entanglement

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Collider measurements of final-state momenta alone cannot certify Bell nonlocality or entanglement, because the measured angular distribution is itself a local hidden variable model.

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