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Hexadecapole deformation of $^{238}$U from relativistic heavy-ion collisions using a nonlinear response coefficient

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arxiv 2402.16550 v3 pith:IJPJNNHW submitted 2024-02-26 nucl-th nucl-ex

classification nucl-thnucl-ex
keywords betadeformationhexadecapolerelativisticcollisionsheavy-ionnonlinearnucleus
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The hexadecapole deformation ($\beta_4$) of the $^{238}$U nucleus has not been determined because its effect is overwhelmed by those from the nucleus' large quadrupole deformation ($\beta_2$) in nuclear electric transition measurements. In this Letter, we identify the nonlinear response of the hexadecapole anisotropy to ellipticity in relativistic $^{238}$U+ $^{238}$U collisions that is solely sensitive to $\beta_4$ and insensitive to $\beta_2$. We demonstrate this by state-of-the-art hydrodynamic calculations and discuss the prospects of discovering the $\beta_4$ of $^{238}$U in heavy-ion data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Probing the tetrahedral $\alpha$ clusters in relativistic $^{16}$O + $^{16}$O collisions

    nucl-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In 16O+16O collisions, the normalized flow ratio Norm(v2{2}/v2{4}) is mostly insensitive to tetrahedral deformation while Norm(v2{2}/v3{2}) is sensitive to both deformation and alpha-cluster correlations, but only aft...

  2. Nonlinear collective flow reveals the breakdown of quadrupole--hexadecapole scaling in heavy ion collisions

    nucl-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The nonlinear flow coefficient ξ6,222 in simulated U+U collisions separates the four (β2, β4) nuclear topology classes, making the sign of the hexadecapole deformation β4 experimentally accessible.

  3. Scaling approach to rigid and soft nuclear deformation through flow fluctuations in high-energy nuclear collisions

    nucl-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Triangular flow four-particle cumulants scale linearly with the fourth moment of octupole deformation, allowing the mean and variance of 238U octupole deformation to be extracted separately.

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