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Hexadecapole deformation of $^{238}$U from relativistic heavy-ion collisions using a nonlinear response coefficient
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abstract
The hexadecapole deformation ($\beta_4$) of the $^{238}$U nucleus has not been determined because its effect is overwhelmed by those from the nucleus' large quadrupole deformation ($\beta_2$) in nuclear electric transition measurements. In this Letter, we identify the nonlinear response of the hexadecapole anisotropy to ellipticity in relativistic $^{238}$U+ $^{238}$U collisions that is solely sensitive to $\beta_4$ and insensitive to $\beta_2$. We demonstrate this by state-of-the-art hydrodynamic calculations and discuss the prospects of discovering the $\beta_4$ of $^{238}$U in heavy-ion data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Probing the tetrahedral $\alpha$ clusters in relativistic $^{16}$O + $^{16}$O collisions
In 16O+16O collisions, the normalized flow ratio Norm(v2{2}/v2{4}) is mostly insensitive to tetrahedral deformation while Norm(v2{2}/v3{2}) is sensitive to both deformation and alpha-cluster correlations, but only aft...
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A "breathing'' octupole $^{208}$Pb nucleus: resolving the elliptical-to-triangular azimuthal anisotropy puzzle in ultracentral relativistic heavy ion collisions
A fluctuating octupole deformation of 208Pb with root-mean-square amplitude 0.15 simultaneously matches the v2/v3 ratio and the v3{4} cumulant data in ultracentral Pb+Pb collisions.
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Angular structure of many-body correlations in atomic nuclei: From nuclear deformations to diffractive vector meson production in $\gamma A$ collisions
Random rotation of an axially deformed intrinsic nuclear state produces a lab-frame two-body correlation proportional to cos(2φ12), which can be probed in diffractive photo-nuclear vector meson production.
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Imprints of octupole collectivity in uranium-238 on relativistic heavy-ion flow observables
Heavy-ion flow simulations show that an octupole deformation beta3 around 0.1 in 238U reverses the v3 hierarchy in ultra-central U+U vs Au+Au collisions and suppresses the v3-delta-pT correlation, enabling a new probe...
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Benchmarking nuclear matrix elements of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay with high-energy nuclear collisions
Simulations show that flow observables in ultra-central 150Nd+150Nd collisions have Pearson correlations up to |r|=0.93 with the 0νββ nuclear matrix element, proposing collider data as a benchmark for nuclear theory.
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Nonlinear collective flow reveals the breakdown of quadrupole--hexadecapole scaling in heavy ion collisions
The nonlinear flow coefficient ξ6,222 in simulated U+U collisions separates the four (β2, β4) nuclear topology classes, making the sign of the hexadecapole deformation β4 experimentally accessible.
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Scaling approach to rigid and soft nuclear deformation through flow fluctuations in high-energy nuclear collisions
Triangular flow four-particle cumulants scale linearly with the fourth moment of octupole deformation, allowing the mean and variance of 238U octupole deformation to be extracted separately.
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