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Null energy condition violation during inflation and pulsar timing array observations

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arxiv 2312.10685 v4 pith:IP3SVIV6 submitted 2023-12-17 gr-qc astro-ph.COhep-th

Gen Ye , Mian Zhu , Yong Cai This is my paper · ORCID
classification gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-th
keywords observationsspectrumarraycompatibilityconditionenergymodelnull
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Recently, evidence of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) signals observed by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, has prompted investigations into their origins. We explore the compatibility of a proposed inflationary scenario, incorporating an intermediate null energy condition (NEC)-violating phase, with the PTA observations. The NEC violation potentially amplifies the primordial tensor power spectrum, offering a promising explanation for PTA observations. Numerical analyses, primarily focused on NANOGrav's 15-year results, reveal the model's compatibility with PTA data. Notably, the model predicts a nearly scale-invariant GW spectrum in the mHz frequency range, which sets our scenario apart from other interpretations predicting a red primordial GW spectrum on smaller scales.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Inverse-k Primordial Oscillations from a Symbolic Regression Search

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Symbolic regression on Planck and Planck+ACT+SPT independently selects an inverse-k primordial oscillation cos(B/k)≈cos(4/k) that weakly outperforms linear and log templates.

  2. Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes formed by Null Energy Condition Violation during Inflation

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A transient null-energy-condition violation during inflation is shown to produce a four-component gravitational-wave background — primordial, scalar-induced, PBH ringdown, and binary-merger — with only the solar-mass ...

  3. Pre-Big-Bang Cosmology Cannot Explain NANOGrav 15-year Signal

    astro-ph.CO 2024-11 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Pre-Big Bang string cosmology cannot explain the NANOGrav 15-year signal; a power-law spectrum is preferred by a Bayes factor of about 468.

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