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From Natural Language to SQL: Review of LLM-based Text-to-SQL Systems

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arxiv 2410.01066 v2 pith:K3NFCTAL submitted 2024-10-01 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords systemsllm-basedtext-to-sqlevaluationlanguagenaturalaccuracyadvanced
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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LLMs when used with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), are greatly improving the SOTA of translating natural language queries to structured and correct SQL. Unlike previous reviews, this survey provides a comprehensive study of the evolution of LLM-based text-to-SQL systems, from early rule-based models to advanced LLM approaches that use (RAG) systems. We discuss benchmarks, evaluation methods, and evaluation metrics. Also, we uniquely study the use of Graph RAGs for better contextual accuracy and schema linking in these systems. Finally, we highlight key challenges such as computational efficiency, model robustness, and data privacy toward improvements of LLM-based text-to-SQL systems.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 4 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. Changing the Paradigm from Dynamic Queries to LLM-generated SQL Queries with Human Intervention

    cs.HC 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    An LLM-generated SQL query interface with editing and explanations is proposed to replace dynamic-query sliders in medical visualization.

  2. Agentic LLMs for Question Answering over Tabular Data

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A five-stage NL-to-SQL pipeline with GPT-4o achieves 70.5% on DataBench QA and 71.6% on DataBench Lite QA, beating baselines of 26% and 27%.

  3. An Advanced NLP Framework for Automated Medical Diagnosis with DeBERTa and Dynamic Contextual Positional Gating

    cs.CL 2025-02 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A pipeline of back-translation, DeBERTa with a learned positional gating scalar, and an attention MLP reports 99.78% accuracy on the Symptom2disease benchmark.

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