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From Reasoning to Super-Intelligence: A Search-Theoretic Perspective

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arxiv 2507.15865 v2 pith:KLLPANR5 submitted 2025-07-13 cs.AI

From Reasoning to Super-Intelligence: A Search-Theoretic Perspective

classification cs.AI
keywords reasoninglearningdatamodelssearchdiligentexistingfail
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the theoretical foundations of learning from CoT data remain underdeveloped, and existing approaches -- such as Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Reinforcement Learning (RL), Tree-of-Thoughts (ToT), and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) -- often fail on complex reasoning tasks. In this work, we identify core obstacles that hinder effective CoT learning, including distribution drift, lack of embedded search, and exponential inference costs. We introduce the Diligent Learner, a new learning paradigm that explicitly models reasoning as a depth-first search guided by a validator and supports backtracking upon failure. Under two mild and realistic assumptions, we prove that the Diligent Learner can efficiently learn from CoT data while existing methods fail to do so. This framework offers a path toward building scalable and reliable reasoning systems trained on naturally occurring, incomplete data -- paving the way for the development of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) with robust, interpretable problem-solving abilities.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Sample Complexity of Autoregressive Reasoning: Chain-of-Thought vs. End-to-End

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    End-to-end sample complexity for autoregressive generators can realize any scaling rate r(T) between constant and linear, while chain-of-thought supervision eliminates all dependence on T.

  2. When Does In-Context Search Help? A Sampling-Complexity Theory of Reflection-Driven Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    When reflections localize early errors, in-context search solves exp-small pass-rate problems with poly sequential attempts; otherwise it offers no asymptotic gain over parallel sampling, and the update is learnable a...

  3. Deep sequence models tend to memorize geometrically; it is unclear why

    cs.LG 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Deep sequence models develop geometric memory in embeddings that encodes novel global relationships, transforming l-fold composition tasks into 1-step navigation via a natural spectral bias connected to Node2Vec.

  4. Search, Fail, Recover: A Training Framework for Correction-Aware Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Pyligent trains LLMs to search, detect failures via task validators, and backtrack to recoverable prefixes, improving solve rates by 13–73 points over gold-only SFT on hidden graphs, Sudoku, and Blocksworld.