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Five Two-Qubit Gates Are Necessary for Implementing Toffoli Gate

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arxiv 1301.3372 v1 pith:L5UYZTMA submitted 2013-01-15 quant-ph

Five Two-Qubit Gates Are Necessary for Implementing Toffoli Gate

classification quant-ph
keywords gatesfivenecessarytwo-qubitgateintroducedproblemtoffoli
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In this paper, we settle the long-standing open problem of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating a Toffoli gate. More precisely, we show that five two-qubit gates are necessary. Before our work, it is known that five gates are sufficient and only numerical evidences have been gathered, indicating that the five-gate implementation is necessary. The idea introduced here can also be used to solve the problem of optimal simulation of three-qubit control phase introduced by Deutsch in 1989.

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