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Monash Time Series Forecasting Archive
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Many businesses and industries nowadays rely on large quantities of time series data making time series forecasting an important research area. Global forecasting models that are trained across sets of time series have shown a huge potential in providing accurate forecasts compared with the traditional univariate forecasting models that work on isolated series. However, there are currently no comprehensive time series archives for forecasting that contain datasets of time series from similar sources available for the research community to evaluate the performance of new global forecasting algorithms over a wide variety of datasets. In this paper, we present such a comprehensive time series forecasting archive containing 20 publicly available time series datasets from varied domains, with different characteristics in terms of frequency, series lengths, and inclusion of missing values. We also characterise the datasets, and identify similarities and differences among them, by conducting a feature analysis. Furthermore, we present the performance of a set of standard baseline forecasting methods over all datasets across eight error metrics, for the benefit of researchers using the archive to benchmark their forecasting algorithms.
Forward citations
Cited by 17 Pith papers
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Evaluating Generative Time-Series Models on Data with Point Masses
Rolling-origin evaluation windows misrepresent the atom mass of intermittent time series, a permutation control isolates coupling contributions at fixed CRPS, and an autoregressive hurdle beats a conditional flow on f...
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RMISC: A Large-scale Real-world Multivariate Corpus for Time Series Foundation Models
A curated 142-billion-point real-world multivariate time series corpus improves zero-shot forecasting when combined with existing synthetic and univariate pretraining data across four foundation models.
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LightGTS: A Lightweight General Time Series Forecasting Model
A lightweight time series foundation model using period-aligned patches and parallel decoding reports zero-shot and full-shot accuracy on nine benchmarks comparable to much larger models.
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$K^2$VAE: A Koopman-Kalman Enhanced Variational AutoEncoder for Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting
Combining a learned Koopman linearization with a learned Kalman filter inside a VAE produces a probabilistic forecaster that beats existing methods on most tested short- and long-horizon datasets.
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BLAST: Balanced Sampling Time Series Corpus for Universal Forecasting Models
A balanced sampling strategy over statistically characterized time series patterns lets universal forecasting models train on 78 billion tokens instead of 419 billion, with equal or better zero-shot accuracy.
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MoTime: A Dataset Suite for Multimodal Time Series Forecasting
MoTime provides a large multimodal forecasting benchmark and shows that external text or images can improve forecasts in some datasets, especially cold-start and sparse settings, though gains are inconsistent.
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TimeFilter: Patch-Specific Spatial-Temporal Graph Filtration for Time Series Forecasting
TimeFilter improves multivariate time series forecasting by dynamically filtering a patch-level spatial-temporal graph with a Mixture-of-Experts router, achieving state-of-the-art MSE on 13 benchmarks.
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TimeRAF: Retrieval-Augmented Foundation model for Zero-shot Time Series Forecasting
Retrieving similar time-series segments from a multi-domain knowledge base and injecting them through a learned Channel Prompting module improves zero-shot forecasting of a frozen TSFM, though gains are small and leak...
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Enhancing Irregular Time Series Forecasting with Continuous-Time Modeling Framework
WrapFlow combines continuous-time event/gap tokenization with simulation-free residual flow matching on a Transformer to improve irregular multivariate time-series forecasting.
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FinCast: A Foundation Model for Financial Time-Series Forecasting
FinCast, a 1B-parameter sparse-MoE transformer pretrained on 20B+ financial time points, reports 20% and 23% average MSE reductions over SOTA in zero-shot and supervised financial forecasting.
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Transformers and Their Roles as Time Series Foundation Models
Transformers can implement autoregressive least-squares regression in-context on time series, and pretraining on weakly dependent data gives test error decaying as 1 divided by the square root of the number of pretrai...
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TimeHF: Billion-Scale Time Series Models Guided by Human Feedback
TimeHF scales a pure time series transformer to 6B parameters and adds a feedback-driven fine-tuning stage (TPO) that the authors claim improves forecasting accuracy by 33% in a live supply chain deployment.
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PhysAttNet: Enhancing Predictive Performance in Industrial and Astrophysical Time Series via Physics-Informed Attention
A CNN forecaster with attention regularized toward smooth peaks shows small gains on blazar flare forecasting, but its sparsity term is constant under softmax and its claimed broad accuracy gains are unsupported.
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On Identifying Why and When Foundation Models Perform Well on Time-Series Forecasting Using Automated Explanations and Rating
On four public datasets, Gradient Boosting with hand-built features beat Chronos, Llama, and ARIMA on most accuracy metrics, while Chronos only led on financial sMAPE.
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Revisiting LLMs as Zero-Shot Time-Series Forecasters: Small Noise Can Break Large Models
Zero-shot LLM forecasters are more sensitive to noise and generally less accurate than single-shot linear models.
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Enhancing Masked Time-Series Modeling via Dropping Patches
Randomly dropping 60% of patches before masked pre-training improves PatchTST time-series forecasting accuracy and training speed, though the paper's theoretical explanation is not sound.
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Financial Fine-tuning a Large Time Series Model
Fine-tuning TimesFM on log-transformed financial price data improves directional accuracy and mock-trading Sharpe ratios over the base model.
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