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Constraints on primordial black holes from $N_{\text{eff}}$ : scalar induced gravitational waves as an extra radiation component

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arxiv 2410.10111 v2 pith:L7XXLBAS submitted 2024-10-14 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-th

Jing-Zhi Zhou , Yu-Ting Kuang , Zhe Chang , H. Lü This is my paper · ORCID
classification astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
keywords gravitationalprimordialsigwstextwavescomponentcurvatureinduced
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abstract

In June 2023, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational wave background. Scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic gravitational waves, have received widespread attention. When primordial curvature perturbations on small scales are sufficiently large, \acp{PBH} inevitably form, concurrently producing SIGWs with significant observable effects. These SIGWs can serve as an additional radiation component, influencing the relativistic degrees of freedom $N_{\text{eff}}$. Taking into account primordial non-Gaussianity, we study the energy density spectrum of SIGWs up to the third order and use the current observational data of $N_{\text{eff}}$ to constrain small-scale primordial curvature perturbations and the abundance of \acp{PBH}.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    O4a gravitational-wave data give 95% CL upper limits f_PBH ~ 1e-2 to 1e-4 for monochromatic primordial black holes with mean masses 0.6-100 M_sun, with no evidence of a PBH merger component.

  2. Tensor induced gravitational waves

    astro-ph.CO 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Second-order tensor-induced gravitational waves can shift the inferred parameters of small-scale primordial gravitational wave models fitted to NANOGrav 15-year data, with one model favored by Bayes factors.

  3. Cosmological constraints on small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity

    astro-ph.CO 2025-05 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Current pulsar-timing, CMB, BAO and PBH data constrain the small-scale local f_NL to -10.0 < f_NL < 1.2 for a monochromatic primordial power spectrum, with that constraint conditional on the spectral amplitude A_zeta = 10^-2.

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