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Learning to Generate Structured Output with Schema Reinforcement Learning

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arxiv 2502.18878 v2 pith:LB4D5IBK submitted 2025-02-26 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords jsonmodelsschemavalidgeneratelanguagelearningllms
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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This study investigates the structured generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs), focusing on producing valid JSON outputs against a given schema. Despite the widespread use of JSON in integrating language models with programs, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis and benchmarking of these capabilities. We explore various aspects of JSON generation, such as structure understanding, escaping, and natural language description, to determine how to assess and enable LLMs to generate valid responses. Building upon this, we propose SchemaBench features around 40K different JSON schemas to obtain and assess models' abilities in generating valid JSON. We find that the latest LLMs are still struggling to generate a valid JSON string. Moreover, we demonstrate that incorporating reinforcement learning with a Fine-grained Schema Validator can further enhance models' understanding of JSON schema, leading to improved performance. Our models demonstrate significant improvement in both generating JSON outputs and downstream tasks.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. ASMR: Agentic Schema Generation for Ship Maintenance Report Writing

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ASMR extracts concepts with an LLM, clusters them into candidate fields, then uses RL to select compact non-redundant schemas for each ship-report form type.

  2. Omni-RRM: Advancing Omni Reward Modeling via Automatic Rubric-Grounded Preference Synthesis

    cs.CL 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A single rubric-grounded reward model trained on automatically synthesized, teacher-reconciled preference pairs claims 80.2% on ShareGPT-Video, 66.8% on a synthetic audio benchmark, and 71.8% overall.

  3. A Survey on Evaluating Quality and Trustworthiness in LLM-Generated Data

    cs.AI 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A metric-oriented survey that classifies intrinsic quality and trustworthiness metrics for LLM-generated data across six modalities and documents systematic evaluation gaps in the current literature.

  4. A Technical Survey of Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-07 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A survey of RL methods for LLMs that organizes the field by reward modeling, feedback source, and optimization strategy, with benchmark tables favoring a scalar-regression UNA variant over DPO and KTO in offline alignment.

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