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arxiv 2305.05932 v1 pith:LBAQ7KG5 submitted 2023-05-10 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

A 3D physico-chemical model of a pre-stellar core. I. Environmental and structural impact on the distribution of CH₃OH and c-C₃H₂

classification astro-ph.GA astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
keywords chemicalcoremodelpre-stellarobservedstructurecoresl1544
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Pre-stellar cores represent the earliest stage of the star- and planet-formation process. By characterizing the physical and chemical structure of these cores we can establish the initial conditions for star and planet formation and determine to what degree the chemical composition of pre-stellar cores is inherited to the later stages. A 3D MHD model of a pre-stellar core embedded in a dynamic star-forming cloud is post-processed using sequentially continuum radiative transfer, a gas-grain chemical model, and a line-radiative transfer model. Results are analyzed and compared to observations of CH$_3$OH and $c$-C$_3$H$_2$ in L1544. Nine different chemical models are compared to the observations to determine which initial conditions are compatible with the observed chemical segregation in the prototypical pre-stellar core L1544. The model is able to reproduce several aspects of the observed chemical differentiation in L1544. Extended methanol emission is shifted towards colder and more shielded regions of the core envelope while $c$-C$_3$H$_2$ emission overlaps with the dust continuum, consistent with the observed chemical structure. Increasing the strength of the interstellar radiation field or the cosmic-ray ionization rate with respect to the typical values assumed in nearby star-forming regions leads to synthetic maps that are inconsistent with the observed chemical structure. Our model shows that the observed chemical dichotomy in L1544 can arise as a result of uneven illumination due to the asymmetrical structure of the 3D core and the environment within which the core has formed. This highlights the importance of the 3D structure at the core-cloud transition on the chemistry of pre-stellar cores.

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Cited by 1 Pith paper

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    PCA of 25 molecular lines across 1001 Orion B cores reveals that chemical diversity is driven by column density, the FUV-to-density ratio G0/n, and freeze-out signatures tied to mean density.