Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

We investigate the [OII] emission-line as a star formation rate (SFR) indicator using integrated spectra of 97 galaxies from the Nearby Field Galaxies Survey (NFGS). The sample includes all Hubble types and contains SFRs ranging from 0.01 to 100 Msun/yr. We compare the Kennicutt [OII] and H-alpha SFR calibrations and show that there are two significant effects which produce disagreement between SFR[OII] and SFR(H-alpha): reddening and metallicity. Differences in the ionization state of the ISM do not contribute significantly to the observed difference between SFR([OII]) and SFR(H-alpha) for the NFGS galaxies with metallicities log(O/H)12>8.5. The Kennicutt [OII]-SFR relation assumes a typical reddening for nearby galaxies; in practice, the reddening differs significantly from sample to sample. We derive a new SFR([OII]) calibration which does not contain a reddening assumption. Our new SFR([OII]) calibration also provides an optional correction for metallicity. Our SFRs derived from [OII] agree with those derived from H-alpha to within 0.03-0.05 dex. We apply our SFR([OII]) calibration with metallicity correction to two samples: high-redshift 0.8<z<1.6 galaxies from the NICMOS H-alpha survey, and 0.5<z<1.1 galaxies from the Canada-France Redshift Survey. The SFR([OII]) and SFR(H-alpha) for these samples agree to within the scatter observed for the NFGS sample, indicating that our SFR([OII]) relation can be applied to both local and high-z galaxies. Finally, we apply our SFR([OII]) to estimates of the cosmic star formation history. After reddening and metallicity corrections, the star formation rate densities derived from [OII] and H-alpha agree to within 30%.