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The Dilemma of Uncertainty Estimation for General Purpose AI in the EU AI Act

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arxiv 2408.11249 v1 pith:LVAGA4ER submitted 2024-08-20 cs.AI cs.CY

classification cs.AIcs.CY
keywords estimationuncertaintymodelscompliancecomputationdilemmafurthergeneral-purpose
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

The AI act is the European Union-wide regulation of AI systems. It includes specific provisions for general-purpose AI models which however need to be further interpreted in terms of technical standards and state-of-art studies to ensure practical compliance solutions. This paper examines the AI act requirements for providers and deployers of general-purpose AI and further proposes uncertainty estimation as a suitable measure for legal compliance and quality assurance in training of such models. We argue that uncertainty estimation should be a required component for deploying models in the real world, and under the EU AI Act, it could fulfill several requirements for transparency, accuracy, and trustworthiness. However, generally using uncertainty estimation methods increases the amount of computation, producing a dilemma, as computation might go over the threshold ($10^{25}$ FLOPS) to classify the model as a systemic risk system which bears more regulatory burden.

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Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. From Calibration to Collaboration: LLM Uncertainty Quantification Should Be More Human-Centered

    cs.CL 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LLM uncertainty quantification should be judged by whether it improves real human decisions, not by calibration scores on trivia benchmarks.

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