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The Cosmological Tree Theorem

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arxiv 2308.00680 v1 pith:MG7TUUXM submitted 2023-08-01 hep-th gr-qc

classification hep-thgr-qc
keywords cosmologicaldiagramsrulescuttingtheoremamplitudescertaincondition
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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A number of diagrammatic "cutting rules" have recently been developed for the wavefunction of the Universe which determines cosmological correlation functions. These leverage perturbative unitarity to relate particular "discontinuities" in Feynman-Witten diagrams (with cosmological boundary conditions) to simpler diagrams, in much the same way that the Cutkosky rules relate different scattering amplitudes. In this work, we make use of a further causality condition to derive new cutting rules for Feynman-Witten diagrams. These lead to the cosmological analogue of Feynman's tree theorem for amplitudes, which can be used to systematically expand any loop diagram in terms of (momentum integrals of) tree-level diagrams. As an application of these new rules, we show that certain singularities in the wavefunction cannot appear in equal-time correlators due to a cancellation between "real" and "virtual" contributions that closely parallels the KLN theorem. Finally, when combined with the Bunch-Davies condition that certain unphysical singularities are absent, these cutting rules completely determine any tree-level exchange diagram in terms of simpler contact diagrams. Altogether, these results remove the need to ever perform nested time integrals when computing cosmological correlators.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

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  1. All Tree-Level Massive Cosmological Correlators via Spectral Gluing

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Tree-level massive de Sitter correlators are constructed by gluing Lauricella-type vertex functions according to graph combinatorics, and the hypergeometric content collapses to rational functions once the dynamical p...

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  3. Unitarity, Recursion and Soft Limits in (EA)dS through Dressing

    hep-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Structural properties of (E)AdS cosmological correlators—cutting rules, tree theorems, BCFW recursion, and soft limits—are obtained by dressing flat-space amplitudes with auxiliary propagators.

  4. Correlators are simpler than wavefunctions

    hep-th 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Equal-time correlators are simpler than wavefunctions because they come from full-spacetime integrals; this implies fewer poles, cleaner factorization, and a systematic pole expansion whose first subleading term vanishes.

  5. Efficient training of photonic quantum generative models

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  6. Cosmological Cutting Rules from Flat-Space Unitarity via Dressing

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    Flat-space Cutkosky cuts, after cosmological dressing and analytic continuation, become the Disc operations appearing in dS/EAdS cosmological cutting rules.

  7. EFT Perspective On de-Sitter S-Matrix

    hep-th 2026-01 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    In a carefully chosen limit, the de Sitter scattering amplitude is written as an integral transform of the flat-space amplitude, and requiring energy conservation on exceptional de Sitter scalars reproduces DBI and Sp...

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