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Detection of an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby ultracool dwarf star SPECULOOS-3

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arxiv 2406.00794 v1 pith:MGAQUVD3 submitted 2024-06-02 astro-ph.EP

Detection of an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby ultracool dwarf star SPECULOOS-3

Micha\"el Gillon , Peter P. Pedersen , Benjamin V. Rackham , Georgina Dransfield , Elsa Ducrot , Khalid Barkaoui , Artem Y. Burdanov , Urs Schroffenegger
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Yilen G\'omez Maqueo Chew Susan M. Lederer Roi Alonso Adam J. Burgasser Steve B. Howell Norio Narita Julien de Wit Brice-Olivier Demory Didier Queloz Amaury H. M. J. Triaud Laetitia Delrez Emmanu\"el Jehin Matthew J. Hooton Lionel J. Garcia Cl\`audia Jano Mu\~noz Catriona A. Murray Francisco J. Pozuelos Daniel Sebastian Mathilde Timmermans Samantha J. Thompson Sebasti\'an Z\'u\~niga-Fern\'andez 1 Jes\'us Aceituno Christian Aganze Pedro J. Amado Thomas Baycroft Zouhair Benkhaldoun David Berardo Emeline Bolmont Catherine A. Clark Yasmin T. Davis Fatemeh Davoudi Zo\"e L. de Beurs Jerome P. de Leon Masahiro Ikoma Kai Ikuta Keisuke Isogai Izuru Fukuda Akihiko Fukui Roman Gerasimov Mourad Ghachoui Maximilian N. G\"unther Samantha Hasler Yuya Hayashi Kevin Heng Renyu Hu Taiki Kagetani Yugo Kawai Kiyoe Kawauchi Daniel Kitzmann Daniel D. B. Koll Monika Lendl John H. Livingston Xintong Lyu Erik A. Meier Vald\'es Mayuko Mori James J. McCormac Felipe Murgas Prajwal Niraula Enric Pall\'e Ilse Plauchu-Frayn Rafael Rebolo Laurence Sabin Yannick Schackey Nicole Schanche Franck Selsis Alfredo Sota Manu Stalport Matthew R. Standing Keivan G. Stassun Motohide Tamura Christopher A. Theissen Martin Turbet Val\'erie Van Grootel Roberto Varas Noriharu Watanabe Francis Zong Lang
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classification astro-ph.EP
keywords dwarfultracooldetectionearth-sizedexoplanethostjwstlocated
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Located at the bottom of the main sequence, ultracool dwarf stars are widespread in the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, their extremely low luminosity has left their planetary population largely unexplored, and only one of them, TRAPPIST-1, has so far been found to host a transiting planetary system. In this context, we present the SPECULOOS project's detection of an Earth-sized planet in a 17 h orbit around an ultracool dwarf of M6.5 spectral type located 16.8 pc away. The planet's high irradiation (16 times that of Earth) combined with the infrared luminosity and Jupiter-like size of its host star make it one of the most promising rocky exoplanet targets for detailed emission spectroscopy characterization with JWST. Indeed, our sensitivity study shows that just ten secondary eclipse observations with the Mid-InfraRed Instrument/Low-Resolution Spectrometer on board JWST should provide strong constraints on its atmospheric composition and/or surface mineralogy.

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