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Strange Quark Matter and Compact Stars
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Astrophysicists distinguish between three different types of compact stars. These are white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. The former contain matter in one of the densest forms found in the Universe which, together with the unprecedented progress in observational astronomy, make such stars superb astrophysical laboratories for a broad range of most striking physical phenomena. These range from nuclear processes on the stellar surface to processes in electron degenerate matter at subnuclear densities to boson condensates and the existence of new states of baryonic matter--like color superconducting quark matter--at supernuclear densities. More than that, according to the strange matter hypothesis strange quark matter could be more stable than nuclear matter, in which case neutron stars should be largely composed of pure quark matter possibly enveloped in thin nuclear crusts. Another remarkable implication of the hypothesis is the possible existence of a new class of white dwarfs. This article aims at giving an overview of all these striking physical possibilities, with an emphasis on the astrophysical phenomenology of strange quark matter. Possible observational signatures associated with the theoretically proposed states of matter inside compact stars are discussed as well. They will provide most valuable information about the phase diagram of superdense nuclear matter at high baryon number density but low temperature, which is not accessible to relativistic heavy ion collision experiments.
Forward citations
Cited by 12 Pith papers
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Symmetry Energy Expansion with Strange Dense Matter
A redefinition of the symmetry energy expansion that incorporates finite strangeness consistent with SU(3) flavor symmetry and remains valid beyond typical neutron-star central densities.
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Quantum phases at high chemical potential in 2-flavor matrix-QC$_2$D
In a matrix model of two-flavor two-color QCD, large baryon/isospin/chiral chemical potentials produce a web of quantum phases, including spin-1 LOFF-like states whose quark spin fraction can approach one.
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The petit four of color-superconducting phases in proto-neutron star evolution
Along constant-baryon-number cooling tracks, color-superconducting cores in proto-neutron stars follow four scenarios, with stable cold CSC only in a narrow high-mass band for the chosen EoS.
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Is the coexistence of strange quark stars and hadronic stars favored by astrophysical data? A Bayesian analysis
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
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Pair luminosity and cooling of newborn strange star: Color-flavor-locked and two-flavor color superconducting quarks
Newborn strange stars emit an electron-positron pair wind whose luminosity is a near-universal function of surface temperature and stays below 10^46 erg/s after one second; only the large-gap CFL phase makes pairs com...
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Rotational enhancement and stability of protoquark stars during thermal evolution
Rotating hot protoquark stars support up to ~40% more mass than nonrotating ones and show a clear thermal ordering, with all properties peaking in lepton-rich stages.
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Compact star and compact star matter properties from a baryonic extended linear sigma model with explicit chiral symmetry breaking
Tuning the πN sigma term to about -600 MeV (or incompressibility to ~500 MeV) lets one RMF model match neutron-star observations, but the tuning is fitting, not prediction.
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Rotational effects in quark stars: comparing different models
Rotation amplifies differences between the vector MIT bag and DDQM equations of state for quark stars, with MIT supporting more massive stars and a full decomposition of gravitational, internal, rotational, and bindin...
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Relativistic strange quark stars in Lovelock gravity
Numerical computation of mass-radius profiles, compactness, and gravitational redshift for strange quark stars in 5D Gauss-Bonnet gravity across several values of the Gauss-Bonnet parameter.
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Hybrid stars with hyperons: structure based on QCD sum rule coupling constants
Hybrid star EOS constructed from QCDSR couplings in RMF hadronic model and bag/NJL quark models with Gibbs/Maxwell transitions yields mass-radius and tidal deformability predictions.
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Anisotropic strange quark stars with a non-linear equation-of-state
Exact analytical solution for anisotropic CFL strange quark stars with non-linear EOS, satisfying energy conditions, yielding mass-radius profiles and compactness values.
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Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves
Review of neutron star dense matter, hadron-quark phase transitions, and potential g-mode signatures in gravitational waves from multimessenger observations.
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