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Transformers are Universal Predictors

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arxiv 2307.07843 v1 pith:MTU5EDQX submitted 2023-07-15 cs.LG cs.CL

classification cs.LGcs.CL
keywords architecturetransformeruniversalanalysisanalyzecomponentscontextdata
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We find limits to the Transformer architecture for language modeling and show it has a universal prediction property in an information-theoretic sense. We further analyze performance in non-asymptotic data regimes to understand the role of various components of the Transformer architecture, especially in the context of data-efficient training. We validate our theoretical analysis with experiments on both synthetic and real datasets.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Quantum Maximum Likelihood Prediction via Hilbert Space Embeddings

    cs.IT 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Quantum maximum likelihood prediction on covariance embeddings reduces to classical eigenvalue-space KL projection under unitary/pinching symmetry, with non-asymptotic trace-norm and relative-entropy rates that scale ...

  2. A non-ergodic framework for understanding emergent capabilities in Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-01 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    Claims that LLMs are non-ergodic and that capability emergence obeys a resource-constrained 'adjacent possible' equation, but the derivation is an analogy and the experiments are too small to validate it.

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