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Black Holes and WIMPs: All or Nothing or Something Else
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Black Holes and WIMPs: All or Nothing or Something Else
abstract
We consider constraints on primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $( 10^{-18}\text{-}10^{15} )\,M_{\odot}$ if the dark matter (DM) comprises weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) which form halos around them and generate $\gamma$-rays by annihilations. We first study the formation of the halos and find that their density profile prior to WIMP annihilations evolves to a characteristic power-law form. Because of the wide range of PBH masses considered, our analysis forges an interesting link between previous approaches to this problem. We then consider the effect of the WIMP annihilations on the halo profile and the associated generation of $\gamma$-rays. The observed extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background implies that the PBH DM fraction is $f^{}_{\rm PBH} \lesssim 2 \times 10^{-9}\,( m_{\chi} / {\rm TeV} )^{1.1}$ in the mass range $2 \times 10^{-12}\,M_{\odot}\,( m_{\chi} / {\rm TeV} )^{-3.2} \lesssim M \lesssim 5 \times 10^{12}\,M_{\odot}\,( m_{\chi} / {\rm TeV} )^{1.1}$, where $m_{\chi}$ and $M$ are the WIMP and PBH masses, respectively. This limit is independent of $M$ and therefore applies for any PBH mass function. For $M \lesssim 2\times 10^{-12}\,M_{\odot}\,( m_{\chi}/ {\rm TeV} )^{-3.2}$, the constraint on $f^{}_{\rm PBH}$ is a decreasing function of $M$ and PBHs could still make a significant DM contribution at very low masses. We also consider constraints on WIMPs if the DM is mostly PBHs. If the merging black holes recently discovered by LIGO/Virgo are of primordial origin, this would rule out the standard WIMP DM scenario. More generally, the WIMP DM fraction cannot exceed $10^{-4}$ for $M > 10^{-9}\,M_{\odot}$ and $m_{\chi} > 10\,$GeV. There is a region of parameter space, with $M \lesssim 10^{-11}\,M_{\odot}$ and $m_{\chi} \lesssim 100\,$GeV, in which WIMPs and PBHs can both provide some but not all of the DM, so that one requires a third DM candidate.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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The swallowed spike: the formation of light primordial black hole structures around heavy seeds
Light PBHs around heavy primordial seeds form significantly less dense inner cores than particle DM because no studied torque mechanism prevents capture.
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The swallowed spike: the formation of light primordial black hole structures around heavy seeds
No torque mechanism studied supplies enough angular momentum for the innermost light-PBH shells around a heavy seed, so the spike core is swallowed and far less dense than a WIMP spike.
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Microscopic primordial black holes as macroscopic dark matter from large extra dimensions
In the ADD extra-dimension model, microscopic primordial black holes undergo runaway accretion and grow to macroscopic scales, allowing them to comprise all dark matter with initial abundances as low as 10^{-44}.
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In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part II. Analytical prescriptions for spikes
A 'soft' analytical approximation reproduces PBH minispike densities and annihilation rates to ~±15%, and shows that a discovered sub-solar PBH population would strongly constrain s-wave WIMP dark matter.
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Constraints on Primordial Black Hole Dressed by Dark Matter Halo from Microlensing Effect of Fast Radio Bursts
A new conversion formula turns monochromatic bare-PBH microlensing bounds into extended-mass dressed-PBH bounds, and a 10^5-FRB forecast places f_PBH near 10^-4.
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Constraining the Coexistence of Primordial Black Holes and Particle Dark Matter with Neutrino Observations
A refined halo model turns neutrino-telescope data into upper limits on the primordial-black-hole fraction f_PBH, reaching ~10^-8 in some mass ranges for mixed WIMP/FIMP scenarios.
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$\tt BlackHawk$ $\tt v3.0$: Hawking Radiation from Regular Black Holes
BlackHawk v3.0 adds Hawking temperatures and greybody factors for multiple regular black hole metrics to an existing public code via numerical routines.
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Constraining primordial black holes and primordial curvature power spectrum with extragalactic muon neutrino
Neutrino flux from WIMP annihilation in PBH-seeded UCMHs yields f_PBH ≲ 4×10^{-5} (strongest) and P_R ≲ 10^{-1.65} at k∼3×10^{12} Mpc^{-1}.
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In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.
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